Walls of Milan
There were three walls of Milan: the Roman, the learned towards the end of the imperial period an extension, the medieval and those from the period of Spanish rule. Of all three, a few remnants remain, but they have left their mark in the road system of the city.
History
49 BC Mediolanum was appointed municipium and subsequently received his first wall wreath: a rectangle of about 700 meters on each side with Cardo and Decumanus and today's gates Porta Romana, Porta Ticinese, Porta Vercellina, Porta Orientale ( or argentea ) and Porta Jovia and Porta Cumana ( or Comacina or Comensis ) in the north.
Under Emperor Diocletian Mediolanum was 286 capital of the Western Roman Empire and his co-emperor Maximian had half the city walls extend to about 1100 acres. Small parts of this 11-meter high wall are preserved.
1156 work began on the medieval city walls, first as wooden palisade with a deep moat. After the capture of the city by Frederick Barbarossa ( 1162 ) began in 1171 to work on a new wall wreath with seven main gates: Porta Ticinese, Porta Vercellina, Giovia Porta, Porta Comasina, Porta Romana, Porta Nuova and Porta Orientale. There were ten or twelve side gates. ( Such Nebentor was called Pusteria ). The medieval moat lasted until the early 20th century in the form of a channel system of Navigli, but was filled in the interwar period and replaced by roads. The preserved old Porta Nuova.
The so-called Spanish walls were begun on the orders of Governor Ferrante I Gonzaga and 1560 completed.
In 1796 there were eleven major goals:
- Porta Romana
- Porta Tosa, now Porta Vittoria
- Porta Orientale, since 1860 Porta Venezia
- Porta Nuova
- Porta Comasina, since 1860 Porta Garibaldi
- Porta Tenaglia, Porta Volta today
- Porta Sempione, previously Porta Giovia
- Porta Vercellina, since 1859 ' Porta Magenta '
- Porta Ticinese, under Napoleon ' Porta Marengo '
- Porta Lodovica
- Porta Vigentina
In the 18th century the city walls lost their military value and were increasingly to traffic obstruction. But in the 19th century it began the monumental ( and traffic equitable ) development of the city gates, starting with the short period of the Napoleonic era, was in Milan capital of Italy. With the Milan urban expansion in 1873 the city gates lost their revenue function as excise duty limit. 1885 began the demolition of the Spanish bastion fortifications, which, for example, the Porta Vercellina fell victim. However, the majority of the gatehouses remained. In part, medieval gates were redesigned in the sense of historicism.