Warble fly

Skin Dasseln ( Hypoderminae )

  • Small cattle warble fly ( Hypoderma lineatum )
  • Large cattle warble fly ( Hypoderma bovis )
  • Deer warble fly ( Hypoderma actaeon )
  • Rehdasselfliege ( Hypoderma diana )
  • Reindeer warble fly ( Oedemagena tarandi )
  • Marmot warble fly ( Oestromyia marmotae )
  • Rabbit warble fly ( Oestromyia leporina )

The skin Dasseln ( Hypoderminae ) are a subfamily of the botfly ( Oestridae ) within the (Diptera ) dar. Like the other representatives of the warble fly larvae live as parasites of animals and infect mainly ungulates. In Central Europe, two particularly important types are encountered, the Great cattle warble fly ( Hypoderma bovis ) and the Small cattle warble fly ( Hypoderma lineatum ).

Features

The adult flies are medium in size and usually hairy furry. The wings are very well trained and the animals are good fliers.

Development cycle

The mated females fly like Nasendasseln after the completed egg development of the larvae to the same hosts. Once these, the eggs are adhered to the hair of the limbs and the abdomen. To this end, the female flies possess a telescopic ovipositor. The characteristic buzzing sound of the great cattle warble fly in cattle calls forth the tucks. The animals flee in panic before the Dasseln and note the fences, ditches or other obstacles, thus they often pull themselves serious fractures and other injuries.

After hatching, the larvae of this drill at the Great cattle warble fly into the tissue of the host animal and migrate into the fatty tissue of the breast and lumbar vertebrae. The larvae of the small cattle warble fly are introduced by licking up into the esophagus, where they are up to seven months and only later to the final place of settlement, the subcutaneous tissue of the back, walking. There they drill a blowhole ( stigma ) and then molt to the third larval stage. During infection the maggots often make long hikes through the connective tissue of the host and thereby take significantly increase in size ( at the Great cattle warble fly from 0.5 millimeters to 17 millimeters, while an increase in volume of the 8000fache ). Thereafter, the larvae leave their host and pupate in the soil.

Harmful effect

See also Main article Hypodermose

The host specificity of the skin Dasseln is sometimes very pronounced, a heavy infestation leads to paralysis, hemorrhage, edema, and spinal cord injury, occurs rarely a complete closure of the esophagus in the small cattle warble fly on. You reduce the price of the leather, because in the back after tanning holes form ( exit points of the larvae ). The Great cattle warble fly can infest zebu, water buffalo, horse and sheep, but preferably domestic cattle. Man is rarely a host of skin Dasseln (occasional host ), the larva can not fully develop, leaving the affected area without moult. Dermatobia hominis infects specific to humans, but is only found in South America.

Other genera / species

In addition to the skin Dasseln that infect mainly ungulates, there is a second group of skin Dasseln that specializes in rodents. However, the habits of these animals corresponds essentially to the types described above, but the larvae usually remain in a Dassel bump under the skin.

Swell

  • Dönges J (1988 ): ". Parasitology humanpathogener With special reference forms "; Thieme Stuttgart
  • H. Mehlhorn and G. Piekarski: Floor plan of the parasites customer. Heidelberg, 6th edition, 2002.
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