Wesenitz
Wesenitz in Helmsdorf (entire river )
The Wesenitz ( Upper Sorbian Wjazońca ) is a right tributary of the Elbe in Saxony. The name comes from wjaz, the Sorbian word for " elm ".
Geography
The Wesenitz rises in Hohwald, a part of the Lusatian hill country, in 515 m altitude at Valtenberg from the mouth hole of the Valentin- Erbstollens, an old mine.
It flows through Neukirch, Bischofswerda, close to Stolpen past and happened at Dürrröhrsdorf the so-called Devil channel the Lusatian Fault, where it enters the Elbe Sandstone. Here it flows through the Liebethaler reason. In Pirna district Pratzschwitz it flows into the Elbe.
The Wesenitz part with a length of 83 kilometers to the longer right-hand tributaries of the Elbe.
History
The Wesenitz made since the Pleistocene to the present territory of Bischofswerda a bow with marshy surroundings. This natural boundary line favored the establishment and defense of the city on the north bank of the Wesenitz.
Between the 8th and 12th centuries ran from Bischofswerda about Stolpen to Pratzschwitz in the Valley of Wesenitz an important communication route between the Slavic tribes of the Milzener in Upper Lusatia and the Nisa Africans in the Elbe Valley.
From the 15th to the middle of the 19th century was washed in the catchment area of Wesenitz for gold. Particularly intense strove locals, but also repeated whales, in the headwaters, to several tributaries as in Goldbach and Großdrebnitz and directly on the Wesenitz between wrought box and Rennersdorf. However, the yield was low.
In August 2002, the Wesenitz led as many rivers of Saxony, a devastating flood.
Attractions
The much-visited Stolpen Castle was first mentioned in 1222. It was originally owned by the Bishops of Meissen and Elector August 1559 was the property of the Electorate of Saxony over. The castle became famous because here from 1716 to 1765, the former mistress of Augustus the Strong ( Elector of Saxony from 1696 to 1733 ), Anna Constantia von Cosel Countess, was imprisoned.
Other well-known attractions on the river are the Castle Park in Großharthau, the Beautiful altitude at Dürrröhrsdorf -Dittersbach that Wesenitzklamm in Lohmen and the largest Richard Wagner monument in the world of Richard Guhr at the former mill hole. Also worth seeing are the old hydropower plants between hole mill and Liebenthal.
The Liebethaler reason is the narrow, deep valley of Wesenitz near Liebenthal at Pirna. Through the valley leads a popular hiking trail, and it is referred to as the " gateway to the Saxon Switzerland " (on the classic route ).
Hydropower
Previously drove the Wesenitz and its tributaries at more than 100 mills. Bruno Steglich is 1895 in the fish water in the Kingdom of Saxony for the Wesenitz alone 63 hydropower plants to -use, of which a total of 44 mills.
Today exist along the river on the territory of the former district of Saxon Switzerland five hydropower plants. One of them is run by the community Lohmen in the former stave mill in Liebethaler base with two Francis turbines.
Former mills have included
- Upper Neukircher mill
- Buschmühlenteich Neukirch
- Brettmühle Oberputzkau
- Buschmühlenteich Putzkau
- Fischermühle Bischofswerda
- Disc mill forge box
- Buschmühlenteich in Lauterbach
- The old mill ( also fulling mill ) Stolpen
- Brettmühle Stolpen
- Neumühlestrasse Stolpen
- Upper Mill ( Kappler Mill) Helmsdorf
- Niedermühle Helmsdorf
- Buschmühlenteich low Helmsdorf
- Geibeltsmühle Dittersbach
- Paper mill Dittersbach
- Leiersmühle Dittersbach
- Red mill or mill Merlin Dürrröhrsdorf
- Dittersbacher Hofemühle
- Ramm Schneidemühle
- Elber Mühle Elbersdorf
- Porsche Mühle Porschendorf
- Winkelsmühle Porschendorf
- Wauermühle (or Hintermühle ) Lohmen
- Front mill Lohmen
- Paper mill Lohmen
- Roller mill ( hammer mill ) Lohmen (Kraftwerk )
- Stave stave mill ( power plant)
- Hole stave mill
- Liebethaler mill Liebenthal (Kraftwerk Pirna- Liebenthal )
- Grundmühle Liebenthal
- Talmuhle Jessen
- Dietz Mill Jessen
- Brück mill Copitz
- Neumühlestrasse Copitz
- Pratzschwitzer mill Pratzschwitz
Fish fauna
Because of their hydrological and structural- morphological characteristics with an average channel width of 10 m and an average gradient of 0.53 % and the existing control and monitoring fish species today Wesenitz is assigned to the grayling zone in the lower reaches fishing biologically, the middle and upper reaches of the trout region. This is the result of various hydraulic engineering measures, so such a classification for the past deviates. For example, there were about until the early 20th century in the upper and middle reaches of a large number of other meanders, as they are still to be found below Bischofswerda. They caused a lower slope and a significantly lower flow rate and thus other fischfaunistische conditions.
The Wesenitz below the Buschmühlenteich in Helmsdorf counts as Fauna-Flora -Habitat. This is justified, inter alia, with the presence of bullheads and minnows.
Since 1989 there has been increased efforts to make the historical decline of the fish fauna on the number of species and individuals for industrially related pollution reversed. According to Bruno Steglich initiated in 1895 22 industrial plants their sewage into the river, which was empty of fish Ringenhain to Oberputzkau. In 1994, a project for the reintroduction of salmon was started. He had completely disappeared 100 years before.
Fishing
In addition to the so-called savages fishing in the Wesenitz operated the Meissen bishops to 1559 and after the transfer of ownership at times the Saxon electors in two dammed river sections carp production.
Beginning in 1476 with the inauguration of John V of Weissbach was between Goldbach and Kleindrebnitz the Goldbacherstrasse pond and the dammed in Bischofswerda to 1494 the Bischofswerdaer pond on an area of about 20 ha. To 1815 for economic and technical reasons ( siltation, dam damage) the closure of these two fish farms.
According to the fish Bestande the Wesenitz in the past was home to a significant number of the hated by fishermen otters. They were practically wiped out by organized fighting until 1920. In 1969, the first time one was demonstrated again at Großharthau. Since that time the Wesenitz the water system of the Black Elster was repopulated slowly. This will be seen for example on a variety of traffic- dead otters in the area of B6. The land exchange in question are located west of Großharthau and east of Bischofswerda. The otter is protected today.
More images
- Description of Wesenitzquelle
- Plaque for Wesenitzquelle
- The Wesenitz in Neukirch / Lausitz
- The Wesenitz in Bischofswerda
- The Wesenitz in Großharthau with confluence of Gruna
- The Wesenitz at Lohmen
- Technical monument hydropower plant Niezelgrund at the Wesenitz
- At the Wesenitz below the castle in Lohmen