White Supremacy

As White Supremacy [ waɪt səprɛməsi ] (English " white supremacy ", " superiority of whites" ) are in the English speaking refers to those racist ideologies based on the assumption that whites other human "races" are superior in principle and that this superiority must be defended effectively. The term is used as a collective term for a variety of racist ideological systems, including the National Socialist racial theory and racial ideology in the South African apartheid regime. Moreover, the term "White Supremacy " also includes those ideologies which were common in English-speaking countries like the United States or are common today. Many American historians and political scientists prefer the term "White Supremacy " over the less precise term " racism " because he firstly explicitly names from which people group these ideologies go out, and because he secondly, clearly proves that it is about power and domination and not only to something as nebulous as about settings or prejudices. The counterpart to this is the Black Supremacy.

Postcolonial theory

The arising in the context of post-colonial theories Critical Whiteness Studies (critical whiteness studies ) indicate not only explicit standard reduction ratios from being white ... in the context of colonialism, right-wing and apartheid as a form of power and domination, but to draw attention to the term White Supremacy ( bell hooks ) are "normal" generalized and objectified to the phenomenon that the norms formed in white-dominated societies are viewed not only as a superior, but also as "neutral" and. At the same time it is thus escaping the critical reflection. White Supremacy Mask therefore also its "own " white privilege and made it invisible to white positions. While on the one hand "White Supremacy " get a mythical character and the balance of power would be veiled, the effects of normalization Whiteness in the experiences and ideas of those who are not perceived white in the category, a power structure, the rich up to the " terror" remain. So the White Supremacy show at the universities, where the white standard determines who has something to say, so defined "knowledge" and is at the center of the discourse, and whose "knowledge" is not as "objective" perceived, but as "experience."

White Supremacy in the United States

During the slavery

The origins of the White- Supremacy ideology in the United States are in the slavery of colonial times. To the same extent in which the planters established a rating based on the labor of African American slaves, the plantation economy, by which they were wealthy and politically powerful, they promoted a racist system of thought that justified their power and ideologically. As the American historian Ira Berlin has described, defined this ideological system in its heyday not only the relationship between blacks and whites, but led the human relations in general to a domination - subjugation money back, about the relationship between parents and children, men and women, employers and employees.

The planters saw themselves not only as masters of their slaves and servants, but developed the ideology of a paternalistic society in which all social relations through differential and authority defined, and in which they themselves were the mover of all things. Your entitlement to unconditional obedience they initiated conclude from this that they are understood as benevolent fathers familias, the paternal proportion participated in their extended "family" to which they counted their slaves, zuwiesen them monthly " rations " and made for Christmas gifts. The plantation appeared in this construction as a collective enterprise, were connected in the master and slave to their mutual benefit to each other.

The terminology of the family held only gradually moving into the ideology of the slaveholders. In the early colonial period, the planters felt their slaves namely by no means as their " children ", but as essential but difficult labor that threatened to them at any time to oppose. Only in the course of the next 200 years the stereotype of immature forever, eternally adolescent slave whose childhood to old age ranged into it originated. Her full form and its greatest significance reached this ideology middle of the 19th century, when the institution of slavery began to crumble from the inside out and was threatened from the outside by the abolitionist movement.

With the reality of the plantations, this ideology had mostly nothing to do. There, the discipline was still enforced by the whip. Even the slaves were never claimed, to oppose the regime of work, ill see to sabotage the work of destroying tool to hurt working animals or flee. Often, this ideology also served, that the planters interfered in the affairs of their slaves into the most intimate areas in and with the aim to improve their living conditions, tried to housing conditions, diet, lifestyle, family relationships and religious lives of their slaves to control.

After the abolition of slavery

In the same year in which slavery was finally abolished (1865 ), and the Ku Klux Klan, which sought to prevent equality now free African Americans with the means of terror and stood up for a segregation arose.

Ties to White Supremacy ideology also exist in some small American religious communities, especially in the Christian Identity movement, which considers the Anglo-Saxon or Nordic "race" as " God's Chosen People " and their members since 1984 several times by racist and anti-Semitic acts of violence have emerged. The Creativity Movement founded in 1973, calls for a "white religion" and the expulsion of all other colored people from the United States. Although the Ásatrúar ( " Odinisten " ) reject the White Supremacy ideology majority, a small part of the White supremacists also confesses to this neo-pagan religion.

The founder of the American Nazi Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, created in the 1960s in reference to the black struggle term Black Power the slogan " White Power ", which is common in the American neo-Nazi and skinhead scene today.

Apparently prior to his election as U.S. president tried to kill several racists Barack Obama. For this reason, the security arrangements for the former junior senator from Illinois were as high as in any other candidate so far.

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