Wilhelm Marr

Adolph Friedrich Wilhelm Marr ( born November 16, 1819 in Magdeburg, † July 17, 1904 in Hamburg ) was a German journalist. He propagated the German-speaking first anarchism. In 1879 he coined the term anti-Semitism and founded the first anti-Semitic political organization: the Antisemitenliga.

Life

Left Democrat and anarchist

Wilhelm Marr was born in Magdeburg. He was the only son of actor and director Heinrich Marr and his wife Henriette Catharina nee Becherer, who had married on March 21, 1819 in Braunschweig. From 1825 he attended the elementary school in Hanover and then the junior high school in Brunswick. Professionally, he went through in Hamburg and Bremen, a business apprenticeship, moved in 1839 to his father in Vienna, who was employed at the Burgtheater, and worked as a clerk at two Jewish firms. In 1841 he went to Zurich, where he made the acquaintance of George Herwegh, Julius Froebel and August Adolf Follen, all political emigrants and left opposition. These meetings were a key moment in his life. He published a collection of poems Free satellites and was expelled in 1843 because of communist activities from Zurich. He then lived in Lausanne and entered into closer contact with Hermann Döleke and Julius Standau who had summoned the Geneva Association, a young German secret society to life both he been converted into his personal instrument of power soon. Marr turned into the anarchists and atheists who founded the secret Swiss Workers' Union and was the junghegelianisch atheist leaves the present for sociales life (1844 /45) out. In 1845 he was expelled from Lausanne and the following year published the font Young Germany in Switzerland in which he allowed to shine through his anti-liberal attitude.

Political journalist

1845 to Marr in Hamburg down and became a political journalist, so when he founded the satirical journal Mephistopheles ( 1847/48-1852 ).

He belonged to the far-left supporters of the radical-democratic party and in 1848 sent as a deputy to Frankfurt am Main. The first time he inveighed against the emancipation of the Jews and led as a reason his aversion to liberalism, who had committed to the Jewish connotations capital interests. After the failure of his political ideas about a future German government - a democratic republic - he became a vigorous advocate of the German state under Prussian hegemony.

In 1852 he went - from the current political situation frustrated - temporarily overseas, to Costa Rica to earn money as a merchant his money. Unsuccessful Marr came back to Hamburg and worked again in the journalistic field. In 1854 he married Georgina Johanna Bertha Call Bach, whose father had broken away from Judaism. The marriage was divorced in 1873. Marr was represented on the board of the " Democratic Society " and since 1861 /62, the Hamburg Parliament.

His political radicalism persisted; as he wrote in 1862 an anti-Semitic article in the Courier on the Weser, in which he, a liberal Jews and champion of Jewish emancipation attacked the President of the Hamburg Parliament, Gabriel Sandriesser. He accused the Jews of abusing the emancipation, in order to secure economic and political positions of power within the Hamburg merchant oligarchy. After reaching these positions they had betrayed the democratic ideals of liberalism.

The protest against the article led to the abandonment of his political offices. After retiring from politics, he edited The Nettle (1864 ), the observer on the Elbe (1865 /66), the Sunday paper The Cosmopolitan (1866 ), finally, senior editor of the Berlin post office was (1869 /71) and was also responsible for the Weimarische newspaper (1874 /75) operates. Alongside he wrote, inter alia, Articles for the gazebo.

1874 Marr married the Jewess Helene Sophia Emma Mary Behrend, who still died the same year. Marr's third wife in 1875 the divorced Jenny Therese Kornick, which had a Jewish parent. From this marriage the son of Heinz Marr comes. This marriage ended in divorce in 1877. His fourth and last wife was Clara Maria chalice, who came from a working class family in Hamburg.

Rassenantisemit

In Berlin in February 1879 Marrs propaganda pamphlet appeared The Victory of Judaism over the Germanenthum - From nichtconfessionellen point of view, the experienced twelve editions in the same year. He rose temporarily to the spokesman of the political anti-Semitism. In the same year he also founded the short existing Antisemitenliga and was until 1880 its official organ, The new German watch out.

Marr distanced himself from in his writings of the traditional religious anti-Semitism, claiming that the Jews an alien race of " parasites " were that successfully pursuing the exploitation of Germany. This paradigm shift from religion to race, he illustrated by the introduction of the term " anti-Semitism " in the contemporary political and social discourse. However, it is not certain that the concept of creation actually goes back to him, since the adjective is " anti-Semitic" in 1873 occupied.

Agitational reached Marr great response, politically he had to insert a failure after another. In 1890, he retired, in poor health and politically embittered, to private life and, last made still in dispute with his student Theodor Fritsch, he of the " business -Semitism " accused.

Politically Marr was isolated with its league since 1880, since other anti-Semites new parties founded and too open racist propaganda rejected. As a left-wing liberal and atheist, he remained an outsider within the anti- Semitic scene. Conversely, he was discredited in the political left because of his anti-Semitism.

However, Marr coined essential clichés and slogans that continued to operate long after his personal success and also the discussion on the "Jewish Question" certain. So he laid in 1880 with his book Golden rats and mice red the basis for the conspiracy theory equating of Judaism, capitalism and communism, as they later Adolf Hitler was in Mein Kampf:

" From two parties ie the destruction of society is operated; the part of the golden and red International. There, from the standpoint of the most blatant individualism, here from the more or less conscious communist point of view. Judaism has taken over the leadership of the Golden International ... The liberal ' legislation has made us capitalism against virtually defenseless ... A nation of born merchants among us, the Jews, has an aristocracy, the money of the created, which all crushed from above ago, but at the same time a commercial mob rule, which up by Schacher and usury eats away at the bottom of society and decomposed. "

The association of Jews and rats also had gone and found himself wide rolled back into the Nazi Progagandafilm The Eternal Jew of 1940.

Again anarchist

Early 1890s had Marr, as the contemporary historian Ernst Viktor Zenker reported, " also this attitude [ anti-Semitism ] again and again abjured facing an embittered, reclusive man in Hamburg, shaking his sympathies old age anarchist ideals of youth. "

Works ( selection)

• Pills. Specially dissected for German and other Michel; Bern: Jenni son, 1844
• Catechism of a Republican of the future; Lausanne 1845
• Petit mot d'un étranger au peuple Vaudois. Dedie aux aveugles dans le canton de Vaud. Impr J.-Fr. Hess, Riesbachstrasse 1845 digitized
• The young Germany in Switzerland. A contribution to the history of the secret combinations of our day. Wilhelm Jurany, Leipzig 1846 digitized
• The man and the marriage before the judgment seat of morality. Wilhelm Jurany, Leipzig 1848 digitized
• Anarchy or authority?. Hoffmann and Campe, 1852 Digitalisat
• The Jewish Mirror. 5th edition, Hamburg 1862 digitized
• Journey through Central America. First volume. Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1863 digitized
• Messiah Lassalle and his disciples Hamburg. A clearance; Hamburg: Fischer 1863
• The exclusion of Austria from Germany is a political absurdity; Hamburg et al: Schardius 1866
• Independence and sovereign rights of the free city of Hamburg have become an anachronism; Hamburg: Self-published, 1866
• Of the world doom trumpet blast, lovely accompanied and dedicated to all the faithful; Hamburg: Fischer, 1867
• It must be all soldier! or the future of the North German Confederation. A fantasy painting. W. Schardius, Hamburg 1867 digitized
• After Jerusalem with the Pope! A Sermon on the Mount; Altona: Publishing Bureau 1867
• Religious Wanderings of a philosophical tourists; Berlin: Denicke, 1876
• The Victory of Judaism over the Germanenthum - From nichtconfessionellen point of view. . Costenoble, Bern 1879 (. With several subsequent editions ) Online ( PDF, 1.7 MB)
• Choose ye not Jews! The path to the victory of Germanenthums about Judaism. An exhortation to the voters not the Jewish tribe of all creeds. With a final word: "To the Jews in Prussia. ". Hentze, Berlin 1879 ( 4th edition 1880 just under the title: The Way to Victory of Germanenthums about Judaism. ) Online
• Jeiteles teutonicus. Harp sounds from the vermauschelten Germany of the Second Marr; Bern 1879
• From the Jewish theater of war. A polemic; Bern: Costenoble, 1879
• Choose ye not Jews! The path to the victory of Germanenthums about Judaism. An exhortation to the voters not the Jewish tribe of all creeds; Berlin: Hentze, 1879
• The Jewish War, his mistakes and how he is to be organized. 2.Theil of " The Victory of Judaism over the Germanenthum ". Chemnitz: Schmeitzner 1880 ( Anti-Semitic booklets 1 )
• Golden rats and mice red; Anti-Semitic books; Chemnitz: Schmeitzner 1880 ( Anti-Semitic books 2)
• Opens your eyes, your German newspaper readers. An Essential book for every German newspaper readers; Chemnitz: Schmeitzner, 1880 ( Anti-Semitic books 3)
• Lessing contra Sem, Chemnitz 1883
• Lessing contra Sem Allen " rabbis " of the Jews and Christians, all tolerance Duselheimern all parties, all the Pharisees and " scribes " tolerantest dedicated. With a portrait of the author; Berlin: Schulze 1885