William Emerson Ritter

William Emerson Ritter ( born November 21, 1856 in Columbia County (Wisconsin ); † January 10, 1944 ) was an American biologist. He coined the term organicism.

Life and work

William Emerson Ritter was a son of Horatio Knight from New York, who had settled a few years as a farmer before he was born in Wisconsin. After graduating from the Oshkosh Normal School in Wisconsin in 1890, he began studying at Harvard University. From 1893 he taught at the University of California at Berkeley biology. 1899 elected him to the California Academy of Sciences as its president. From May to July 1899, he participated in the Edward Henry Harriman ( 1848-1909 ) organized expedition to explore Alaska. 1904 Ritter began in San Diego with the exploration of the deep sea. He campaigned for the establishment of an oceanographic station in La Jolla and in 1912 the first director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He held until 1922 this position.

In 1919 he introduced the concept of organicism.

Writings (selection )

  • The parietal eye in some lizards from the western United States. In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Volume 21, pp. 201-340, 1891
  • The ascidians collected by the United States fisheries bureau steamer Albatross on the coast of California falling on the summer of 1904 Berley 1907; digitized version
  • War, Science and Civilization. Sherman, French & Co., Boston 1915
  • The Higher Usefulness of Science and Other Essays. Gorham Press, Boston 1918; digitized version
  • The Probable Infinity of Nature and Life.
  • The Scientific Method of Reaching Truth.
  • The Natural History of Our Conduct. - With Edna Watson Bailey
  • The Theory of Organismal Conception. - With Edna Watson Bailey
  • At Organismal Theory of Consciousness. R. G. Badger: Boston 1919; digitized version
  • The Unity of the Organism; or, the Organismal Conception of Life. Boston in 1919; Band 1, Band 2
  • Charles Darwin and the golden rule. Storm Publishers, New York 1954 - with Edna Watson Bailey

Evidence

  • Deborah Day: Ritter: William Emerson Ritter Biography In: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives. Biographies, Autobiographies, Memoirs. 1997; PDF online
Columbia County (Wisconsin) Integrated Authority File
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