William Lindley
William Lindley ( born September 7, 1808 in London, † May 22 1900 in Blackheath ) was a British engineer who in the mid- 19th century successfully in the areas of supply and disposal engineering, railway and hydraulic engineering, the current - and port construction and urban planning worked. During the period of his stay in Hamburg 1838-1860 he was instrumental in the modernization of the city and water supply in Hamburg. In the years following his departure from Hamburg he planned - increasingly supported by his sons - water supply and disposal systems of many other European cities.
Life
Lindley visited Hamburg with 16 years and learned German. He was in England in the engineer Francis Giles office training and has worked as his assistant. Then he turned into an independent engineering activity.
Hamburger Planing
After he had in 1833 contributed to the planning of a never built railway line (Hamburg -Lübeck ), he was commissioned in 1838 to realize the Hamburg- Bergedorf railway line. Their opening ceremony had to be canceled due to the Great Fire in 1842. However, this first Hamburg railway track in the only 19 kilometers away Bergedorf proved itself and was incorporated in 1846 in the then newly established Berlin-Hamburg route.
In the period before the Great Fire of water demand was still largely covered by canals and the River Elbe, in the same time, however, the wastewater was initiated. To be the unhygienic situation Mr Lindley had already received at the time of the fire the contract for the construction of the Hamburger " city water art". The large-scale destruction of downtown now offered unimagined possibilities for a fundamental reform of the water supply and sanitation.
His designs, influenced by English social reformer and Health Inspector Edwin Chadwick, included the first subterranean sewers of modern times on the European continent. The sluices were bricked over a distance of three kilometers, only one meter slope were made of bricks and walkable. Among the small sluices for sewage and stormwater run the larger Stammsiele. The sluices have backwater valves to protect against flooding and Notausläufe in the municipal waters. Within three years, eleven kilometers sewers were built.
The central water supply with Elbe water, clarify it in deposition basin and pumping in a water tower from the Hamburg district of Rothenburgsort he tackled. The concept also included public bath houses for the poor, because " physical uncleanliness produces very soon lack of self-respect, brutality and vice. [ ... ] If certain celebration evening hours be used for refreshment in the bath, it draws in most cases, as long as the host from home. " An washing and bathing establishment was realized until 1855 on the pig market.
Lindley designed and built in the years to water supply systems in other German cities such as Kiel, Stralsund, Stettin, Leipzig and Dusseldorf. The success of Lindley's designs is among other things on the city of Frankfurt am Main - for which he worked from 1863 - visible in the death rate from typhoid fever from 1868 to 1883 of 80 dropped to ten per 100,000 inhabitants.
In addition to the water supply and sanitation Lindley planned 1845 in Hamburg also has a modern gas plant for lighting the streets and households. The systems replaced the first Hamburg gasworks, which was destroyed after a few weeks of their start-up by a storm surge. Little was noted that as a "technical Consulent " urban bodies in Hamburg Lindley won such an impact on construction activity in the city of Hamburg that he almost filled the role of today's top building director. He was heard in the 1850s to almost every major construction project in the city.
Lindley succeeded with success to just take on the urban development of Hamburg's influence: In 1842, he laid the first plan for reconstruction after the Great Fire before and could determine the future form of the city in the downtown area in cooperation with the Technical Commission. Lindley made beyond for major decisions that affected the development of the areas outside the medieval city center. In 1840, he had submitted a plan for drainage of the hammer Brooks, which provided for the establishment of a strict sewer and street grid, and thus the conditions for the formation of the first modern, but commercially-focused urban extension (implemented in 1847 ). Further plans, such as the highly advanced overall plan of urban expansion for St. Pauli and Harvestehude could not be realized. Even the plan of Hiibbe, Walker and Lindley to build a Dockhafens on the Grasbrookhafen was implemented only in small parts.
William Lindley, however, had to fight in Hamburg against numerous forms of resistance, including the criticism of Baubeamten as the water building director Heinrich Hiibbe. So the British were in addition to lack of expertise assumed for being too close to the Senate and the entrepreneurs of the city. Once in town had changed by a constitutional amendment in 1860 the balance of power, the citizenry finally failed him the intended job as town planner and thus the final regulation of the employment relationship. He lost the supervision of the Hamburg city water art and returned with his family, originating from Hamburg Julia Heerlein, the three sons of William Heerlein Lindley (1853-1917), Robert Searles Lindley (* 1854), Joseph Lindley (* 1859) and a daughter back to London.
European Planing
Based in London, he continued his work, for which there were inquiries from all over Europe, first in Frankfurt am Main. The order of Sydney, he was to receive in 1876, he had to decline because he had already promised the city of Warsaw. The designs for Warsaw created until 1878, the construction took over after his son William Heerlein Lindley.
1879 Lindley retired from business life back, gave his engineering company to his three sons and filled the years until his death in 1900 with social obligations and extensive travels.
Commemoration
- Near the metro station Baumwall in Hamburg at the entrance to Sielsystem, a statue of Lindley.
- The small Lindleystraße in Hamburg's Rothenburgsort wears his honor his name.
- The same applies to the Lindleystraße in Frankfurt's Ostend.
- A special exhibition at the Museum of Hamburg History recalled his 200th birthday, " designer of the modern city. William Lindley in Hamburg and Europe, 1808-1900. " This exhibition ran ( in extension ) until 17 May 2009.
- The vocational school William Lindley (G2 ) in Hamburg is the competence center in the plumbing, heating and air-conditioning for technical industrial and building equipment in conjunction with renewable energy.