Wire drawing

Mastermind make of metals such as iron and copper wires and cables forth. To prepare this, the starting material ( metal rods and other rolled products ), set the drawing machines a pull wires, welding and finish it and inspect the manufacturing quality. As a training professional, he is replaced in Germany since the formation in 2013, the specialist for metal technology.

History

The process of wire production has changed little over the centuries: In cold way rods are pre-forged round and (now in the form of hot rolled wire ) ( the fetch ) pulled through a tapered eye of a threading die. Since it is almost never possible to achieve the desired final dimensions in a single operation, a plurality of drawing programs are successively required.

A special art in wire drawing was to make the Ziehhol so that as little friction arose, so the effort was lower. This art preserved the Zöger or masterminds in Altena as a secret which could not be carried on in other places.

The first drawing iron appeared in the first century. In his history of the iron wire industry OH Döhner says 1925 wire was first used for the ringed armor that had (26 BC according to M. Terentius Varro †) saw the Romans when the Gauls and since the later imperial period the previous sheet metal tanks preferring. In France, drawing iron have been found that are likely to come from Gallo- Roman times. In the 6th century, the marigold tanks had prevailed everywhere - but only for the noble and wealthy.

To prepare the armor they needed a gazillion highly uniform iron rings - wire, which was easy to handle by bending, flat and Nietlochschlagen for steel braid. The many wars between the Franks and Saxons since the 6th century should have ensured that the art of wire drawing at this time also in Germany - has been exercised - later in Westphalia initially in the Nuremberg area. Capital for the production of calendula tank was up to their disappearance from the armament the town of Iserlohn. For finer wires later the neighboring Altena, the "Wire Capital of the World ". From the castle of Altena from the trade was protected with the coveted Osemund.

The numerous small watercourses with its strong gradient could be good for the drive wheels of the water use, and the extensive mountain forests provided enough wood for annealing the iron wire during manufacture.

Most Altenaer rolls of wire should at least have originated during the 13th and 14th centuries, as the imported with output register books of the 14th century have no sovereign authorizations for the use of the watercourses on after this time.

In contrast to the water-mills for grinding grain, which were known in western Germany since the time of Roman rule, the water engines were called to the wire manufacturing rolls or wire mills. In the mid-18th century there were in Altena 66 roles.

At stuck in each wheel shaft two Drawbenches ( " blocks " ) were attached from which two people were working, namely the real mastermind or Zöger and an assistant. The hardest work, pulling, took over the waterwheel, its powerful rotary motion has been implemented through a complicated cam and lever mechanism in pressing and pulling movements: The pliers lock itself automatically, summed up the wrought wire and pulled it through the die iron, which he is now in the thinner shape is drawn on a drum. So the Bankzögersbank worked jerkily on each occasion only a few centimeters. The drawn wire was covered all over with tongs bite. You like in the coarser varieties, were drawn ready on the bench, have probably worked quite ugly, but disappeared when the wire was pulled fine later on the Winner slices. A device that pulled the Grobzugdraht thinner, Kleinzögerbank was called. By the middle of the 19th century changed in these workbenches little technical.

Due to the ease of handling makes the Kleinzögerbank, simply called drawing bench, now used mainly of silver and goldsmiths.

Training and development

The training requirements for the profession from 1955 were outdated. It lacked a training regulations with detailed content and modern testing requirements. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education was therefore investigated in 2009, these and other jobs before the enactment of the Vocational Training Act.

The BiBB comes in his investigation to the conclusion that these trades could be incorporated into a new apprenticeship with a focus or disciplines. As a working professional title chosen for metal technology. The profession could include a broad-based qualification base and make a differentiation in individual areas in the second year. Within the profession, the qualifications of wire products maker could with those of spring and wire products maker makers are " wire and spring technology " bundled into a focus in common.

August 1, 2013 occurred as the training requirements for the new professional training specialist for metal technology into force, replacing the mastermind.