World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti -Doping Agency (WADA, English World Anti-Doping Agency ) is an international organization that organizes the world's measures against doping in competitive sports.
Organization
WADA was initiated as a result of the IOC World Anti- Doping Conference founded in 1999 with the goal at international and national level to harmonize anti - doping programs in terms of the discovery, deterrence and prevention of doping and coordinate.
In April 2002, the headquarters of Lausanne to Montreal, Canada, was laid. The Chairman is the former Australian finance minister John Fahey.
WADA ensures the control of the athlete during the training phase and during the competitions. Serve this purpose, as well as pending surprising scheduled visits to the training locations or at home with the athletes.
Research methods are urine tests, blood tests and other medical measures displayed. In a total of 34 authorized WADA laboratories twice collected samples (A and B sample) (for example, EPO) or methods tested for banned substances ( for example, blood doping). Basis of these efforts is the WADA code and the annually updated list of banned ( Prohibited List ).
Anti -Doping Rules
WADA pursuing a rigorous zero-tolerance attitude towards doping. The current anti-doping rules require that athletes seven days a week must be available for unannounced inspections for one hour. They must also lay down binding three months in advance where they are when found. The inspectors are required in case of doubt (that is, even with small formal errors) against the athletes to decide. Three violations within 18 months are considered as positive doping test and result in an automatic ban.
WADA also evaluates (Article 2.3) a non-immediate drug testing or " interruption of the visual contact with the respective athletes ' automatically as" deliberate prevention of the test. " This is also considered a positive test, and results in a non-negotiable lock 12 months. Also is always assumed that for a belated doping test always the athlete is on the promissory note issued by the inspector not.
Reporting system ADAMS
Since early 2009, the WADA uses an online reporting system called ADAMS, with the athletes have their notification obligation (see above) comply. This system has been criticized because of technical and ethical shortcomings of different pages. Hockey player and athlete spokeswoman Marion Rodewald ADAMS criticized as " not self-explanatory and in the practical handling very awkward ." The sharpest criticism came but by the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection Peter Schaar. It provides for the respect of human dignity of the athletes not respected, criticized the " continuous residence control, inadequate protection and the general suspicion against athlete " and called ADAMS equivalent with an electronic ankle bracelet. Especially the lack of data security and the lack of anonymity has been criticized.
Criticism of WADA Director General David ADAMS pointed Howman as " reservations " with a new technology back. This view was defended by DOSB President Thomas Bach, who admits though, that the system " expects of some athletes " and not perfect. He argues that the reporting system is " voluntary" and only for serious athletes: Allegations consistent monitoring thus were incorrect. Moreover, his view is by the silent majority of athletes for this system.
Motivation
John Fahey, the head of WADA, justified the crackdown with the deterrent effect and provides rigorous, comprehensive testing as the best means against doping. The Austrian doping expert Hans Holthaus led to: "I am convinced that a new generation of athletes is growing, and that the generation that has systematically doped extinct. "
On complaints that the existing anti-doping rules invade the privacy, Fahey shows little understanding and leads to: ". , It is much easier to specify where you just are registering to exchange as flight tickets "
Evi Simeoni from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung defended the WADA rules, arguing that dopende athletes had to stop only with strict rules. IOC President Jacques Rogge admits that the rules provide athletes under suspicion, but stands behind the WADA. " Sport should [ credibility ] pay a certain price " Among athletes endorse tennis player Roger Federer and speed skater Anni Friesinger these regulations. Friesinger argued that individuals would now willingly give out ( inter alia for online purchases ) personal data.
Practical Implementation
The hard WADA -line meant that the Italian professional football players Daniele Mannini and Davide Possanzini (both then Brescia Calcio ) were locked a year in January 2009 because of " a few minutes late" doping control. After both players were originally blocked by the Italian federation FIGC for two weeks, accused the WADA before the International Court of Sport (CAS ), and invited two year ban. The CAS halved the penalties, but gave WADA in property law. The FIGC responded with " horror " at this " ridiculous judgment " and conjectured that the CAS and WADA wanted to set an example. In solidarity with the banned players all Serie A started with 15 minutes late on the first weekend in February. Savoury was that WADA saw no reason to protest in a similar case Francesco Totti, captain of AS Roma, for a Fußblessur also arrived late to a doping control, but in his case.
Criticism
The reactions from the athletes on the hard WADA - line are very different. In particular, the football WADA is harshly criticized.
Unison describe the football organizations FIFA ( International Football Federation ), UEFA ( European Football Association) and the DFB WADA methods as exaggerated. FIFA President Sepp Blatter described the surveillance as a "witch hunt " and keep the drug test requirement during a vacation as "unacceptable ". This sentence was passed also on behalf of UEFA, and DFB President Theo Zwanziger called the WADA measures " over the top". Wada sports director David Howman responded to those comments "appalled " and threatened with an exclusion for the Olympic sport of football.
Tennis player Rafael Nadal, soccer player Michael Ballack and pole vaulter Danny Ecker criticized these regulations sharply. "We are encouraged by the reporting obligation as criminals. That's paranoia and not fair ... I am the first who wants a fair and perfectly clean competition ... [ But ] It is especially in tennis often very difficult to tell where one the next day staying, " Nadal complained in January 2009. Ballack and Ecker complained in unison about " unacceptable restrictions on personal freedom." The British rower Annie Vernon ( Olympic silver in Beijing in 2008 ) called the WADA regulations " unworkable ". The regulations are pushing so far into her privacy, that she had been torn in the middle of a vacation in Miami and taken to the doping control.
More negative opinions came from Sir Alex Ferguson, the coach and manager of Manchester United, who described the WADA rules as a " logistical nightmare ", and tennis players Andy Roddick ( " a normal life is impossible " ) and Serena Williams ( "penetrate the rules in the privacy of one "). Pole vault Olympic champion Yelena Isinbayeva criticized that the regulations "innocent athletes at a disadvantage during the culprits still it came from. "
The Belgian lawyer Kristof de Saedeleer sued in 2009 on behalf of 65 Belgian athletes against this scheme. He called them " paranoid, degrading and draconian" and denounced cuts to privacy as well as overriding the presumption of innocence to. The international players' union FIFPro football, which represents 42 countries, announced lawsuits. They argue that a 365-day control (20 days minimum in Europe ) was incompatible with the right to leave. Doping experts also see a conflict with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to respect for private and family life): " Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence ... An authority shall in the exercise of this right intervene only insofar accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society. "
Also by the press, there were anxious voices. The Times criticized the developments as " excessive" and argues that innocent players will be punished just as hard with little formal legal violations as culprit.
WADA has detailed information about the message system on their website.