World Chess Championship 1975
The World Chess Championship 1975 was planned as a competition between the reigning world chess champion Bobby Fischer and his challenger Anatoly Karpov. After the World Chess Federation FIDE could not agree on the conditions match with Bobby Fischer, refused this, to defend the title. On April 3, 1975 Fischer was therefore of FIDE president Max Euwe was stripped of his title and declared Karpov to the new world chess champion.
The counterparty
Bobby Fischer had since winning the World Chess Championship in 1972, only two public games played: a show fight against the Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, who ended after eight moves in a draw, and a blitz game against the eventual FIDE President Florencio Campomanes, the fishermen timed out won.
Karpov had Boris Spassky ( 7:4 ) and Viktor Korchnoi ( 12,5:11,5 ) for the duel against Fischer qualified by winning the Candidates Tournament against Lew Polugajewski ( 5,5:2,5 ), former World Champion. Since this later did not compete, the final of the candidates tournament is now considered a de facto decision to the world title. Already in the Candidates' Tournament here went to suspicions that fishermen would not run to defend their title.
The finale of the candidates tournament, Karpov against Korchnoi was scheduled for five wins, with a maximum of 24 games was, and was discharged from September to November 1974 in Moscow. Karpov won the 2nd and 6th game since Korchnoi to play sharp. After a series draw Karpov succeeded in the 17th game of another victory, after rumors of an early task of the finale by Korchnoi bypassed. However, this continued to play and won the game 19 to 21, but could not compensate for the score in the last three games. Karpov was among the WM system of FIDE after Mikhail Tal, the second world champion, who at the first attempt won the title.
Candidates tournament
In the table above are respectively the points indicated in parentheses victories. In the quarter final 16 games or 3 wins, in the semifinals 20 games or 4 wins and in the final 24 games and 5 wins were scheduled. Petrossian has prematurely abandoned the match against Korchnoi.
Not inaugural Fischer
The competitions for the World Chess Championship from 1951 to 1972 had been held on 24 games, with the world champion had retained his title with a score of 12:12. In 1971, the FIDE had decided instead to discharge the World Chess Championship 1975 to six winning games for an unlimited number game.
Fischer, however, had the idea that instead of playing to win 10 games, the champion would retain his title with professional of 9:9. Fred Cramer, president of the American Zone, this position was the first time in the FIDE Congress 1973. At the proposed rule has been criticized that the challenger by two points must ( 10:8 ) to win to become the new World Champion, and that this constituted an unreasonable disadvantage. For testing of Fischer's proposal one headed by FIDE President Max Euwe Commission was established, which is to oppose this.
At the FIDE Congress 1974 in Nice Cramer read a telegram fisherman, after which it clung to his demands. The Congress decided by a narrow majority to increase the number of required winning plays at 10, but decided against the regulations that the champion would retain his title at the registry of 9:9. In addition, Congress limited the number of parcels to a maximum of 36 same evening, leaving Euwe a new telegram fisherman by this announced that its proposals were not negotiable, that the FIDE decided by their rejection of his participation in the World Chess Championship 1975 and that he put down the title of FIDE world chess champion.
In January 1975, it was announced that the Philippines would offer $ 5 million prize fund for the World Championship fight. This was a tremendously high amount for the chess world; to 1969 the prize fund for the World Chess Championship had amounted to a maximum of $ 10,000. Therefore, the Americans made an attempt to save the world championship match: With the support of more than 30 % of the member federations they forced an extraordinary FIDE Congress, which took place in Bergen in March 1975. The Soviet Union wanted to prevent the rules were changed. Immediately before Congress signed the leading Soviet chess grandmaster, including Efim Geller, Viktor Korchnoi, Tigran Petrosian, Mikhail Tal and Lew Polugajewski, an open letter to FIDE, which was published in Sowjetski sport. The next day, put Mikhail Botvinnik after an open letter to the FIDE President, in which he accused them to prefer Fischer. At the Congress itself fisherman proposal was rejected by 35 to 32 votes, the Third World countries voted for the proposal, the socialist and the Western European countries against it.
On April 1, 1975, the deadline was up to the Fischer and Karpov should declare their willingness to play the competition. As he had received no positive response from fishermen, Euwe said on April 3, 1975 Anatoly Karpov for the World Chess Champion.
Follow
Although Karpov had won the title without a fight, he was still by his subsequent victories in major tournaments as a worthy successor fisherman. Karpov defended his title in 1978 and 1981 against Viktor Korchnoi. In 1985, he lost the title to Garry Kasparov.
In 1976, Fischer and Karpov met to discuss an unofficial duel, but this did not materialize. For December 1996, the then FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov - planned again a duel between Fischer and Karpov. Fischer played several competitions in 1977 and 1992 against computer a duel with Boris Spassky. This remained his only serious games after winning the world title in 1972.