World Chess Championship 1993
The World Chess Championship 1993 was organized by the Chess Federation PCA duel to determine the world chess champion. He was held from September 7, 1993 to 21 October 1993 in London between Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short instead. It was the first World Cup, which was organized by the PCA and thus the first since the World Chess Championship 1937, which was not organized by the World Chess Federation FIDE. The FIDE taught from their own world championship.
After 20 of the 24 scheduled games Kasparov was unassailable lead and defended his title.
Qualification
On 13 - rundigen Interzonal in 1990 in Manila participated 64 players. It was the first Interzonal Swiss system. The players on the first eleven places qualified for the Candidates Tournament. Automatically qualify were the semi-finalists of the candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 1990: Artur Yusupov, Anatoly Karpov, Jonathan Speelman and Jan Timman. Karpov received as a challenger in the World Chess Cup 1990 a bye in the second round and had to intervene in the quarterfinals.
In the eighth and quarter- finals, the two fights were scheduled for eight games in the semifinals to ten games and in the final 14 games. A draw rapid games were played as a tie-break. In case of early decision missing parts were no longer played.
Nigel Short won the candidates tournament and was Kasparov's challenger. This expressed itself before the competition starts condescending about his opponent: My opponent is Short and the match will be short.
Separation of the FIDE
There were disagreements with the World Chess Federation FIDE to the prize money, particularly the claim of the FIDE to 20 percent of the prize fund. Kasparov and Short responded with the creation of the PCA and orientation of an own world championship duel. FIDE subsequently withdrew Kasparov in March 1993, the official world championship titles and held its own World Chess Championships from without Kasparov. However, the majority of the chess world still accepted as the only real Kasparov World Chess Champion. The English daily The Times was a sponsor of the duel between Kasparov and Short and referred to it as The Times World Chess Championship.
Mode
The duel was scheduled for 24 games. Unlike other World Championships all games should be played in case of early decision. The cooling-off period was 2 hours for the first 40 moves, then 1 hour each for an additional 20 trains. Suspension parts were provided after six hours of play time.
The colors for the first batch were drawn on 3 September 1993 in a ceremony. Then the colors changed in every game.
As a venue, the Savoy Theatre in London was selected. The tournament was played over three days per week, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. The main referee acted the Russian Yuri Averbakh.
The prize fund was 1.7 million pounds, of which the winner of the duel was five-eighth. As a sponsor of the newspaper The Times was recovered.
As a secondary Danten acted Alexander Beliavsky and Zurab Asmaiparaschwili for the World Champion, Robert Hübner and Jonathan Speelman for the challenger. Short had just finished working with his previous secondary Danten Lubomir Kavalek.
Course
The first batch was symbolically opened by chess grandmaster Raymond Keene. After 25 moves, the time pressure phase was reached, in which Kasparov made a mistake on the 36th train. An offer Kasparov was defeated by Short. Shortly thereafter, Averbakh stopped the clock: In a winning position Short had exceeded the time limit at his 39th train.
The second game ended in a draw after a further time constraints battle. In the third game Short launched an attack on the king, the Kasparov fended himself and won. The fourth game of Kasparov won also. In the fifth game Kasparov changed the opening, but went into a prepared draw variant shorts. The sixth game ended after a piece sacrifice shorts draw also. In the seventh game of Kasparov managed another victory by an attack on the king. The eighth game was a tactical fight. After several tactical operations and a dangerous attack Shorts Kasparov was a draw -bringing perpetual check. In the ninth game of Kasparov scored a playoff that he could win, but instead awarded by a Fehlzug. Short but missed the draw, which Kasparov won yet. In the tenth game of Kasparov initially missed a profit. Short sacrificed his lady strategically, but later forgave the victory that his strong passed pawn could ensure which Kasparov escaped in a draw. Through a pawn in the eleventh game shorts pawn structure was broken, but the material advantage was enough to draw. After a bishop sacrifice Kasparov in the twelfth game to Short secured by counter game again a draw. Two more drawn games until Kasparov won in the fifteenth game of chess with a family threat. Shorts only victory came in the sixteenth game. After a farmer profit in the seventeenth game handed Shorts advantage not to victory, and after a further three drawn games, in which Kasparov had the better position twice, Kasparov had a decisive lead.
The remaining four games were filled with acting roles. These were each about a 20 -minute game and a game with out loster opening. On the last day played Kasparov and Short against five organizing committee members.
Observers criticized later that the duel did not reach the voltage of the world championship matches against Kasparov Karpov.
Game table
Since the World Cup was decided prematurely, a duel was played in rapid chess with four games on the remaining days, the Kasparov 4-0 decision for themselves. In addition, a theme duel was played with three matches in which the first four trains were drawn before each game. Short won this 2-1.
Nachgeschichte
The PCA organized its own qualification cycle for the next World Chess Championship 1995. The Indian Viswanathan Anand was able to qualify as a challenger Kasparov. Kasparov defended the title against Anand with 10 ½: 7 ½ points.
In the World Chess Championship 2000 Kasparov lost the world title with 6 ½: 8 ½ points to Vladimir Kramnik.