Wuhan

武汉

Wǔhàn? / I (Chinese武汉市/武汉市) is a sub- provincial city and the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. In the city center - the geographical area the city - live 4,262,236 people ( end of 2008) with main residence. The entire administrative area of Wuhan has 8,332,425 inhabitants ( 2005). The 8,500 km ² Administrative Region does not represent a coherent urban settlement area, but would - with its outside downtown dominant rural settlement structure - rather with a small provincial comparable. The inner Wuhan is an amalgamation of the three former cities of Wuchang, Hankou (formerly often transliterated as Hankow or Hankow ) and Hanyang.

2.1 Ethnic structure of the population of Wuhan (2000)

Geography

Geographical location

Wuhan is situated in a convenient central China location at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Han River (汉江/汉江). The flat urban area, which is characterized by numerous lakes, passes into the hills to the south.

Administrative Divisions

The city is by the two rivers in the three former cities Wǔchāng (武昌) divided Hànkǒu (汉口/汉口) and Hanyang (汉阳/汉阳). Hanyang and Wuchang have survived as an independent city counties ( county-level ). Hankou, however, was divided into several new districts. Today, Wuhan is composed of a total of 13 municipalities. These are:

Municipality Jiang'an (江岸区/江岸区), 64 km ², 640,000 inhabitants, the seat of the city government, the city center;
City Jianghan District (江汉区/江汉区), 33 km ², 460,000 inhabitants;
City Qiaokou (硚口区/硚口区), 46 km ², 540,000 inhabitants;
City Hanyang District (汉阳区/汉阳区), 108 km ², 480,000 inhabitants;
Wuchang District (武昌区/武昌区), 81 km ², 980,000 inhabitants;
City Qingshan District (青山区/青山区), 45 km ², 460,000 inhabitants;
City Hongshan District (洪山区/洪山区), 509 km ², 780,000 inhabitants;
Municipality Dongxihu (东西湖区/东西湖区), 439 km ², 250,000 inhabitants;
Municipality Hannan (汉南区/汉南区), 288 km ², 110,000 inhabitants;
Municipality Caidian (蔡甸区/蔡甸区), 1094 km ², 460,000 inhabitants;
Municipality Jiangxia (江夏区/江夏区), 2015 km ², 660,000 inhabitants;
Municipality Huangpi (黄陂区/黄陂区), 2261 km ², 1.1 million inhabitants;
City Xinzhou District (新洲区/新洲区), 1500 km ², 960,000 inhabitants.

Climate

Wuhan is located at 30 ° 33 'north latitude and 114 ° 17' east longitude. In Wuhan has a humid Subtropenklima with an annual average temperature of 16.3 ° C and an annual precipitation total of 1194 mm. The average temperature in January falls to 0.1 ° C, while it rises in July to 28.9 ° C. This Wuhan in the summer one of the hottest and most humid cities in China. All twelve months are humid.

Population

Ethnic structure of the population of Wuhan (2000)

At the census in 2000 8.312.700 inhabitants were counted in Wuhan, broken down to the individual ethnic groups broken down as follows:

History

The Wuhan region was first settled about 3000 years ago. During the Han Dynasty, the importance Hanyangs grew as a port. In the 3rd century walls were (223 AD) built to protect Hanyang ( AD 206 ) and Wuchang. The latter referred to the establishment of Wuhan.

In the year 223 of the "yellow crane " Tower (黄鹤楼/黄鹤楼, Huanghelou ) was built on the Yangtze River on the page Wuchangs.

Under the Mongol rule ( Yuan Dynasty ), Wuchang was promoted to the rank of a provincial capital. Years ago, about 300 Hankou eventually was one of the four most important trading cities of the country.

As in Shanghai, there were Hankow district until the mid- 30s of the 20th century European trading posts ( concession areas ), so much colonial architecture has been preserved, such as the Imperial German Consulate.

Wuchang and Hankou played in the recent history of the country, the period of the Republic of China, several times a central role. In Wuchang began in 1911 with the Republican uprising against the imperial central government in Beijing, the Chinese Revolution. The Kuomintang founder Dr. Sun Yatsen was the first ( provisional ) proclaimed president, but left the running of Beijing's army chief Yuan Shikai, after his death Wuchang and Hankou fell to the Chili Group of the Northern militarists. Their general Wu Peifu dominated by the Hankou railway line to Beijing in 1923 and had a communist railway workers' uprising together shoot.

But in 1926 conquered a united front of the Kuomintang, Communists and Guangxi warlords the city and moved its southern rival government to Wuhan. After the capture of Nanjing, the United Front broke up in 1927, Chiang Kai- shek formed from a right Kuomintang National Government in Nanjing, left Kuomintang under Wang Jingwei, however, together with the Communists, a revolutionary government in Wuhan. Although Chiang subjugated both Beijing and Wuhan, but was expelled by the Japanese army in 1937 Nanjing. Instead, Hankou Chiang's seat of government and de facto capital of China, but in 1938 also conquered by the Japanese. From 1938 to 1945, was Chongqing ( neighboring province of Szechuan ) Chiang's capital.

Today's Wuhan created in 1953 by the merger of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang. Today Wuhan to Chongqing is the largest city in inland China.

Economics, Transportation

The city is the industrial center of gravity means China and its typical Chinese megacities mix of manufacturing companies in many industries, including engines, marine, automotive and mechanical engineering, cement factories, textile plants, chemical plants, paper making, an aluminum plant and a brewery after German model. A major focus is the production of iron ( from domestic ores and coal) and the steel industry with several rolling mills. So a cold rolling mill was built, inter alia, with the help of German experts from the partner city of Duisburg.

Wuhan is located almost exactly in the middle between the large spaces in the north Beijing and Guangzhou (Canton), Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the south and east of Shanghai and Chongqing in the west of this vast empire. In all these directions are made through highways that meet here.

Traditionally, here about 1,250 meters wide Yangtze River is the lifeline for heavy and mass transports. The Wuhan Port is the largest inland water port in China, as the river is navigable to this point for seagoing vessels.

Wuhan has seven bridges and a tunnel, which cross the Yangtze River. The first bridge across the Yangtze River in Wuhan was built in 1957 with support from the Soviet Union and the first time allowed a railway connection between the North and the southern half of the People's Republic. Until today it is an impressive structure with lower overhead railway line and road. In 1995, the second road bridge was opened ( a cable-stayed bridge). 2009, an additional combined rail and road bridge was opened for the new railway line.

Since December 2009, Wuhan endpoint of the high-speed Beijing- Hong Kong, the fastest at this time railway line in the world, according to Guangzhou. The line was extended in autumn 2012 to Shijiazhuang and is expected end of 2012 Beijing achieve.

The airport " Wuhan Tianhe International Airport " is one of the medium-sized airports in China and is located approximately 28 kilometers northwest of the city. His flight plan has predominantly from Midland flights, plus some direct come to East Asian and Indian targets. Remote flights to Europe are usually carried out through shuttle to / from the hubs Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. A second terminal was opened in 2008, but since presently only one runway is available, the plant's capacity is nearly exhausted.

Urban transport suffers tremendously under the weight of too rapid motorization: always new road projects, both as a wide breakthroughs in the old population centers as well as a new ring and feeder roads in the new neighborhoods on the edge to provide a remedy.

Since 2012, a rail-based transport network is set up. The total of seven planned railway lines with 540 km length of the route will operate in the center as metro and outside in the area than S-Bahn. Currently (May 2013), there is the subway of two lines with a total length of 56.85 km. By 2017, are to be added four more lines whose length is to be 115.88 km. The total length of the subway network to by 2017 increase to 172.73 km.

Map of the planned 2017 underground network

Education

In addition to the Wuhan University, first founded as a teacher academy in 1903, the city is home to yet another twenty universities and colleges that have established partly on newly created campus in an attractive rural location. Disciplines such as surveying and geography, medicine, water, metallurgy, geology and building material being covered and are usually supplemented by an associated research environment and new technology parks.

The Wuhan University, whose scenic park-like, lying on large water surfaces campus, where students describe as the "most beautiful in the world", is one of the most prestigious universities in China.

Attractions

One of the most important attractions in Wuhan, the Yellow Crane Tower.
The Wuhan Changchun Temple is a Taoist temple in the city of Wuchang District.
Also located on the western shore of the Dong Hu (东湖= Baltic Sea) many tourist attractions. One of them is the Hubei Provincial Museum, where you can admire many archaeological finds from ancient tombs and also a unique carillon concerts. Also located on the western shore parks, a bird zoo and a Oceaneum.
Jiqing Street (吉庆街/吉庆街), on this you can find many restaurants and street performers. These street artists are very well known among the Chinese, as they include a new Live Show (生活秀), the events on the same street contains. Here you can go to experience how the locals live, eat and have fun.
In Wuhan, the 311 -meter-high television tower with observation deck Guishan located on the Turtle Mountain.
Tallest building in the city at 331 meters, is completed in 2007 massive Minsheng Bank Building.

Twinning

Netherlands Arnhem, Netherlands, since 1999
France Bordeaux, France, since 1998
Flag of South Korea Cheongju, South Korea, since 2000
Germany Duisburg, Germany, since 1982
Romania Galaţi, Romania, since 1987
Hungary Győr, Hungary, since 1995
Sudan Khartoum, Sudan, 1995
Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine, since 1990
Iceland Kópavogur, Iceland, since 2007
United Kingdom Manchester, United Kingdom, since 1986
Canada Markham (Ontario ), Canada, since 2006
Japan Oita, Japan, since 1979
United States Pittsburgh, United States, since 1982
Austria St. Pölten, Austria, since 2005

Friendship cities:

New Zealand Christchurch, New Zealand, since 2006

Sons and daughters of the town

Röhreke Heinrich (1910-2001), German diplomat
Wang Du ( born 1956 ), Chinese artists
Li Na ( b. 1982 ), tennis player
Hao Junmin (* 1987), football player
Jinjin Harder ( born 1984 ), reality TV Actress

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