Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Tannia ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium ), also known as Tania or Malanga, a plant belonging to the family of the Araceae is ( Araceae ). This tropical crop is an important source of starch.

Description

Inflorescences are rarely formed in culture, proliferation is mainly vegetatively.

Vegetative characteristics

Tannia is a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of 2 to 2.5 meters. The growing season lasts nine to eleven months, then the leaves dry up and it can be harvested. The smooth, bulbous rhizome is bottle-shaped and up to 25 cm long. The long petiole is ribbed and turned in at the base. The foliage leaf are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is arrow -shaped, with heart-shaped base.

Generative features

Xanthosoma sagittifolium is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The inflorescence is on a long, non- leafing inflorescence stem. The typical Araceae inflorescence is a spathe and a piston ( spadix ). White spatha is slightly larger than the spadix 12 to 15 cm. The piston ( spadix ) are located at the bottom of female and male sterile in the central region at the top of flowers. There are only formed a few seeds.

Dissemination

Sagittifolium Xanthosoma is native to tropical America and the Caribbean and is now grown throughout the tropics. Spaniards and Portuguese brought Xanthosoma sagittifolium early on to Europe and it was introduced in the mid-19th century to West Africa. An economic importance of Xanthosoma sagittifolium today in the Caribbean, Central and South America, West Africa and the tropical areas of Asia.

Ingredients

The tubers contain up to 25 % of starch and protein. They are rich in provitamin A, also contain vitamin C and traces of fat.

How many species of Arum also contains tannia in all plant parts calcium oxalate, a substance which acts mucous membranes. The crystalline deposit is also referred to as crystal sand. When consuming calcium can cause itchy mouth and throat, partially eating also leads to indigestion. In tannia the substance is so aggressive that it can cause painful burning irritation of the mucous membranes in the harvest.

When cooking, the substances dissolve and go but into the cooking water. Food and products from tannia be as high quality as viewed from the taro.

Use

The Rhizomknollen ( Tiquisque tuber ) of this tropical food crop are used as a source of starch. Tannia is closely related to taro and is similar to that used, but is better adapted to drought. It is grown mostly for self-sufficiency. Besides the type Xanthosoma sagittifolium the two types Xanthosoma atrovirens and Xanthosoma nigrum sometimes referred to as tannia and used equally.

The harvest takes place around 12 months after planting the tubers. The yields can reach 18 to 20 tons per hectare. The world's annual harvest is estimated at four to six million tonnes

In tannia only the smaller side tubers is used for human consumption, the main tubers are used exclusively as animal feed, mostly in the pig. After peeling, the tubers are boiled in salt water. Due to the presence of calcium oxalate, the cooking water must be changed several times. Further, cooked by grilling, baking or frying and are used as versatile as potatoes tannia. For meal preparation, the sliced tubers are dried in the sun. Bread and other bakery products are produced from the recovered starch. In addition, the tuber is due to the high starch content for the production of alcoholic beverages ( " fufu " in Africa and " poi " in Hawaii).

As Karibenkohl the young leaves and stems are used in the producing countries as a vegetable. In this preparation, the cooking water must be changed several times. In Brazil, known as Taioba, the leaves, after removing the leaf stalks, chopped and fried in a pan with oil and onion and garlic and salt until they are about to get the look of spinach, and then served as an accompaniment to meat dishes.

System

This species was first published in 1753 as Arum sagittifolium by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum 2, p 966, there written " sagittaefolium ". Heinrich Wilhelm Schott introduced in 1832 in Meletemata Botanica, page 19, the genus Xanthosoma with the way Xanthosoma sagittifolium on. Xanthosoma sagittifolium was later again Frederik Michael Liebmann in Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 1849, 15 and by Karl Heinrich Koch in index Seminum [ Berlin], App. 2, 1854 published. Another synonym for Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott is Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

At all cultural forms, one or more of the following ways Xanthosoma atrovirens, Xanthosoma Caracu, Xanthosoma nigrum and perhaps Xanthosoma violaceum are out of Xanthosoma sagittifolium involved, yet all Xanthosoma be to clarify the exact genetics of the varieties called sagittifolium.

Name

The term " tannia " is a transformation from the Caribbean name for the food " taia ". A frequent other name is " malanga ".

Aroideae

761623