Xylobolus
Mosaic layer mushrooms ( Xylobolus )
The mosaic layer mushrooms ( Xylobolus ) is a fungal genus of the family of layer mushroom relatives. The fungi have several years, resupinate, coriaceous, tough, korkige sometimes woody fruiting bodies, which are only a few millimeters thick. The elliptical spores are thin-walled and amyloid hymenium in numerous Acanthozystiden occur. The mushrooms grow on dead wood debarked and create a Weißlochfäule.
The type species is the Common mosaic layer mushroom ( Xylobolus frustulatus ), shatter the fruit body in small polygonal, cobblestone or mosaic-like fields or blocks.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The single-or multi-year typically, lederigzähen to corky fruit bodies are resupinat or sometimes reflexed at the edge. They are narrow, but firmly attached to the substrate and are up to 5 mm thick. Individual fruit bodies are up to 15 mm wide, but the fruiting body usually cover a larger area, so that a mosaic or puzzelartiges pattern. The abhymeniale surface (on the side facing away from the hymenium page ) is tomentose and often zoned concentrically. The hymenophore is smooth to warty - tuberculate, pale ocher, dull brown or violet colored gray, the spore powder is whitish.
Microscopic characteristics
The amyloid spores are ellipsoidal to cylindrical, smooth and thin-walled. You are 3.5-5.5 microns long and 2.5-3.5 microns wide. The Hyphensystem is monomitisch, in some species, but apparently dimitisch. The texture is dense. The hyaline, pale yellowish or brownish, generative hyphae are arranged vertical, thin - to thick-walled and not inflated. The septa are schnallenlos. The Euhymenium consists of entständigen, cylindrical to clavate, viersporigen basidia which bear some 16-35 microns long outgrowths. In addition to the basidia in the hymenium are also sterile elements such as cylindrical to spindle-shaped, more or less thick and 20-30 microns long and Acanthozystiden Pseudozystiden. Gloeozystiden missing or very rare. For Zystidiolen are relatively common.
System
The genus in 1881, defined by the Finnish mycologist P. Karsten with Thelephora frustulata pers. Than the type species. Xylobolus is a satellite genus of Stereum and resembles especially the subgenus Acanthostereum, by Boidin et al. was introduced. The type species Xylobolus frustulatus was separated from Stereum because their hyphae are arranged vertically and stain their Pseudozystiden or oleiferen hyphae with Sulfovanillin gray black. The species produce an intense Weißlochfäule while for Stereum species a white rot is typical. Other features such as simple septate hyphae, the presence of Acanthozystiden and smooth, amyloid spores correspond to the concept of the genus Stereum.
Another type that has long been part of the genre, Xylobolus is subpileatus. This species has horizontally arranged hyphae, as in Stereum, the vertical turn into the Subhymenium and appear there as Pseudozystiden. This Zystiden seems to lack the positive Sulphovanillinreaktion.
Species
Today, the genre has up to 9 species worldwide. In Central Europe, one finds three types.
Ecology and distribution
The species grow on wood saprobiotisch and cause a Weißlochfäule. In this case, the lignin is removed unevenly, so that small lens-shaped holes arise.