Yefremov (town)

Efremov (Russian Ефремов ) is a town in Tula Oblast (Russia) with 42,350 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).

Geography

The city is located about 150 km south of Tula Oblasthauptstadt at the Krassiwaja Metscha, a right tributary of the Don.

Yefremov is the Oblast subordinated administratively directly and as the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons.

History

Yefremov was founded in 1637 as a fortress to protect the southern borders of the former Russian Empire. The name is derived from the Russian name - derived Jefrem - here probably the first commander of the fortress. Towards the end of the century, the fortress lost its military significance.

1777 the municipal law as an administrative center of a circle ( Ujesds ) was awarded in the government of Tula.

From the 1930s, Yefremov was developed into a center especially the chemical industry.

During World War II Efremov was occupied on 23 November 1941 by the German Wehrmacht and recaptured already on 13 December 1941 by the Southwestern Front of the Red Army during the counter-attack towards Yelets.

Demographics

Note: Census data (1926 rounded)

Culture and sights

The city has a museum of local history.

Economy and infrastructure

In Yefremov there are plants in the chemical industry (factory for synthetic synthetic rubber, built from 1931 to 1933, and more; endpoint of a branch of natural gas pipeline Urengoy - Uzhgorod ), mechanical engineering, textile and food industries and the construction industry.

The city lies on the opened on this section 1874 railway Moscow - Uslowaja - Yelets - Waluiki ( kilometer 342).

The M4 highway Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on- Don - Novorossiysk bypasses the city to the east. From this one branch, the regional roads R120 after Oryol, R126 on Dankow and Ryazhsk to Ryazan and R141 ( cross connection to the M2 between Shchekino and Plawsk ) from.

Personalities

• Ivan Bunin (1870-1953), writer, Nobel Prize for Literature; lived and worked in the years Efremov 1906-1910
• Konstantin Ivanov (1907-1984), conductor, including chief conductor of the State Symphony Orchestra of the USSR; Born in Yefremov
• Vladimir Mjassischtschew (1902-1978), aircraft designer; Born in Yefremov
• Pafnuti Chebyshev (1821-1894), mathematician; lived and worked intermittently on his country estate at Wytemka Yefremov