Yellow River
Course of the river
The Yellow River (Chinese黄河/ listen黄河, Pinyin Huang He, / i, Huanghe, Wade- Giles: . Hwang, Huang Ho, the Yellow River; mong Hatan Gol ) is a classified as a current flowing waters in the north of the People's Republic of China ( East Asia ). After the Yangtze River, it is the second longest river in China and the fourth longest single river in the world. There are different numbers depending on the measuring method to its length: 4845 km is the most common indication and the one that is found in various lexicons; the largest said in various media length is 5464 km. Its catchment area covers 752,000 km ².
Bears his name, the river due to the yellowish color, which is caused by worn loess, which is flushed over streams and tributaries to the river.
Source
The source of the Yellow River is located in the vast expanses of the highlands of Tibet, surrounded by relatively flat acting mountains, about 200 kilometers north of the half crow flies between Lhasa, capital of Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xining in the Tibetan influenced region of Amdo. There she is in the mountain range Bayankara Shan ( south of the Kunlun Shan) about 450 kilometers east of the source area of the Yangtze River, west of two lakes ( Ngoring Tsho Tsho and Kyaring ) and northwest of the Sea Star ( Xingsuhai ) - a rocky steppe - like area.
River
From its source from the Yellow River crosses only the two lakes Kyaring Tsho ( Tsaring - nor) and Ngoring Tsho ( Ngoring - nor) (34 ° 55 ' 19 " N, 97 ° 30' 43 " O34.92196666666797.5119 ). After that he mainly flows in an easterly direction under the Tibetan name Ma -chu ( རྨ་ཆུ་ "river of the peacock ", Chinese玛曲, Pinyin Maqu ) in a zig - zag course by a strong spiral high mountain, near the sacred mountain A ' Nye Maqên.
His further course leads north then where he pushes forward to the borders of Inner Mongolia. There he describes a huge arc around the Ordos Plateau, until he once again flowing south, in the reservoir (35 ° 37 ' 16 "N, 110 ° 35' 40 " O35.621016666667110.59456666667 ) of the Sanmenxia Dam ( 34 ° 49 ' 44 "N, 111 ° 20' 37 " O34.829016666667111.34368333333 ) opens. In this lake, it flows to the old imperial city of Xi'an Wei He in the region.
North of the mountains Funiushan he turns 90 ° to the east. From there, the Yellow River flows consistently to the east of the Xiaolangdi Dam ( 34 ° 55 ' 22 " N, 112 ° 21' 45 " O34.922666666667112.3625 ), crosses the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi Loess Plateau, leaving a gradually the canyon rich mountains.
About 45 kilometers to the city of Kaifeng, the current turns to the northeast and flows through the lowlands formed from its deposits. A little over 500 kilometers to Kaifeng reached the Huang He between Tianjin and Shandong Peninsula to the Gulf of Bohai, an edge portion of the Yellow Sea.
Sediments, reservoirs and river relocation
The " Yellow " river carries a lot loess with it the benefit of agriculture on its banks, but caused by erosion and sedimentation also tremendous damage. Among the major rivers of the earth, the Yellow River with an average sediment load of 35 kg / m³, the highest Schwebführung. Through many shoals shipping is difficult; Reservoirs due to the deposits usually have a short life until they are filled.
At the Yellow River, there are, among others, the following reservoirs:
- Sanmenxia Dam, 108 meters high, 35,400 million m³
- Laxiwa Dam, 250 m, 1,060 million m³
- Longyangxia Dam, 178 m, 27 419 million m³
- Lijiaxia Dam, 155 m, 1 648 million m³
- Xiaolangdi Dam, 154 m, 12,650 million cubic
- Liujiaxia dam, 147 m, 5,700 million cubic meters
- Qingtong Dam, 43 m, 570 million m³
- Sanshenggong Dam, 9 m, 80 million cubic
- Tianqiao Dam, 47 m, 70 million cubic
About the Grand Canal is a connection to the Yangtze River.
It refers to the Yellow River in the North China Plain as a dam bank River. There, the bed of the Huang He has exalted with his enormous sediment load above the level of the vast plain. The consequences are occurring every year major flood disasters and the frequent relocation of the river bed. After floods again ravaged the country, leaving the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty, Da Yu, built around the year 2200 BC levees. Old records obtained it can be seen that the current has its mouth region has been published since the year 602 BC, a total of nine times. The last major shift took place in 1938. ( The deposited loess clogged several times the mouths of the river. The river altered by several times his run total of up to 1000 km, about the distance from the southern to the northern border of Germany. ) Were therefore built massive embankments to this and the flood frequently occurring prevent. Since then, the Yellow River between ten -meter-high dykes flows in a bed that is about five feet above the level of the surrounding plain, so that tributaries can not be included. However, these structural measures did not bring too much success, because now the " caged " river winds its way over and over again and often flooded, the dikes.
The strong sedimentation in the estuary has led to a steady expansion of land into the sea. Today, however, reach only about 30 percent of the water masses of the river is actually the estuary. More and more withdrawals for drinking water supply of more than 100 million people, for irrigation purposes as well as for the industry have led to dry up in the presence of the lower reaches and the estuary for about half a year and falls in the wake of the water table.
Gallery of the river
At Lanzhou - the Huanghe leaves the mountains
In Wuhai, in the Lößebenen Central Asia
Hukou cases in Xi'an - bottleneck at the knee of the Huanghe
In Kaifeng ( Qingming role Song)