Yodeling

Yodeling is singing without text on sound syllables with frequent fast turning between chest and falsetto voice (register change). The derived word yodel means either " what happens if someone is yodeling " ( noun Action is ) or it denotes a " man who yodels " ( noun agentis ).

" Yodel " The root of the word is onomatopoeic, as well as the root of the word " hoot ". Are usual syllables such as " Hodaro ", " Iohodraeho ", " Holadaittijo " and many others. Characteristic features of yodeling are also large interval jumps and further range.

Origins

In probably all mountainous and inaccessible regions of the world, there are various techniques to bridge acoustically with cries long distances. The origins of yodeling date back to prehistoric times: yodeling be agreed shepherds and gatherers, forest workers and Köhler. Not only in the Alps was from pasture to pasture with Almschrei ( Almschroa ) or whoop ( Juchetzer, Jugitzer, Juschroa ) communicates or even the cattle with a yodel ( Viehruf ) attracted.

Joseph Ratzinger ( grew up in Bavaria) suspected, the major theologian Augustine of Hippo had yodelling meant when he wrote of the Jubilus, a " form of wordless ringing, screaming or singing ," the " wordless outpouring of joy that is so large that it breaks all the words. " Jubili were called later ritually defined melismas of Gregorian chant.

Dissemination

Yodel forms of communication exist with the African Pygmies ( mokombi ), the Inuit, the Caucasus, in Melanesia, Palestine, China, Thailand and Cambodia, the USA, Spain ( Alala ), in Sápmi ( Lapland ) ( joik, also juoigan ), Sweden ( kulning, also kölning, kaukning ), Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Georgia ( krimanchuli ), Bulgaria and in the Alps.

The yodel is often heard in the context of popular music today. Among the most famous Bavarian artist heard the yodel king Franzl Lang. In the Harz and the Erzgebirge yodeling is maintained as a virtuoso music folklore with competitions, also in the Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Slate Mountains, it plays an important role in the musical traditions.

The world record in the (continuous ) yodeling held by the Austrian Roland Roßkogler with 14 hours 37 minutes. Another world record is held by the Swiss Peter Hinnen: In 1992, he received an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records when he was in a single second aufstellte the world record in the Quick yodel yodel with 22 tones. The jump in the Swiss charts in 2008 managed Oesch's die third party, not least thanks to the stimmakrobatischen " Ku -Ku Jodel " by Peter Hinnen.

Alpenländisches yodeling

In the alpine folk song of the yodel was further developed to yodel song musically. This one also distinguishes between the sung yodelling - sung only in chest voice and usually only in short sequences between song verses - and the beat yodel, change frequently and artfully at the breast and falsetto voice. Beaten yodel can be very long and require regular vocal acrobatics.

Original yodel were often practiced solo, most yodel songs are more consistent and often appear as a sweeping and final chorus of folk songs. Especially in Switzerland, but also in the rest of the Alpine area in the 19th century has a care of Jodlers in choirs developed. The church, sacred folk music tradition, such as in South Tyrol, knows one or polyphonic yodel. And also instrumental yodel be played by small groups.

Local names are Wullaza (Styria ), Almer (Upper Austria ), Dudler (Lower Austria and Vienna), Gallnen (Upper Bavaria), Ari (Bavarian Forest), Roller ( Upper Harz ), Zäuerli or Ruggusseli ( Appenzell ), Naturjutz ( Muotathal, Ybrig and Schwyz ), whoop and others.

The most comprehensive collection yodel was published in 1902 by Josef Pommer: 444 yodel and Juchezer.

Yodeling world

Was also outside of the European Alps and thus typically associated music and yodelling is used as a stylistic device, the US-based DJ and " yodelling researchers " Bart Plantenga According in almost thirty different styles of music.

Especially in the U.S. and Australia yodeling in the field of country music had a big role. After it had already come early 19th century in the Appalachian Mountains to the first connections between Alpine yodeling and Anglo- American traditions, the interest of a wider public was awakened at yodeling in the 30s by guest performances Austrian and Swiss artist for the first time. Increasingly, there were also performances by American artists in this style. At the same time originated in the field of itinerant vaudeville and minstrel shows under the influence of African-American traditions, a new yodel style, which was influenced by the blues. This was taken up by white Old Time musicians, in 1924 published the guitarist Riley Puckett a (then called ) " hillbilly " song with yodeling. The American country singer Jimmie Rodgers developed 1927 Blue Yodeling, where he enriched elements of blues and white traditional music with yodeling. His first hit T for Texas ( Blue Yodel ) attracted many followers with him and inspired countless musicians who emulated him.

In addition, provides yodeling still an important part of Western Music represents, differs significantly from there but the performances in the field Country.

In jazz Leon Thomas was a prominent member. He sat yodeling as a stylistic device in the Scat and picked it back on ur African influences, such as the pygmy yodeling, singing with their traditions, he had worked intensively. Leading the way in this regard was his work with Pharoah Sanders at The Creator Has a Master Plan (1969).

Jodel Contemporary artists are, for example, the Swiss interior Christine Loud Castle, Christina Zurbrügg or the German Thomas Hauser.

Curiosities

Loriot has with his sketch " the yodeling school" and the concept of a yodel diploma, the tendency of some German caricatured, even seriously the most fun and to develop systematic rules for this.

Classic and Weihnächtliches

Richard Strauss in his opera Arabella composed some almost unsingbare yodel for the role of Fiakermilli. In the Swiss Christmas musical Jimmy Flitz ChinderWiehnacht by Roland Zoss Yodel meets rap and choral singing.

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