Young Italy (historical)
Young Italy ( Giovine Italia Italian, also Giovane Italia ) was the name of a company founded by Giuseppe Mazzini political unification of the Risorgimento who wanted to solve the Italian question by creating a unitary and independent republic.
Italy was divided after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 in several states (especially the Kingdom of Naples, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the duchies of Parma and Modena, as well as the Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont), which were partly under the rule of foreign dynasties ( the Tuscany, for example, was under Habsburg rule ). On top of that Austria in 1815 next to Veneto and Lombardy with Milan was awarded.
As in Germany, stirred in the coming decades, a national movement is to oppose the government fragmentation and for a unified nation-state. Connected with this was the desire for constitutional reforms. In July 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini founded in Marseille the union " Giovane Italia ", the goals were his own. Battle currency was the saying Italia fara da se (Italy freed itself). The aim was also cooperation with other national movements in Europe, especially the developed about the same time, " Young Germany " and the Polish movement, which reflected in 1834 in the founding of the Association " Young Europe " took place. Were unanimous in these movements in the struggle against the reactionary and absolutist " Metternich system ", which sought to combat democratic approaches in Europe by force.
The movement " Giovane Italia " was prosecuted accordingly, although it must also be noted that some members of the association also held for assassinations and riots just means in the struggle for national self-determination. The attempt to create a base in Savoy, ended in the years 1833/1834 with a series of processes and the de facto destruction of the union. This 1838 newly formed in the UK. 1848 plays Mazzini's movement an important role in the struggles of this year against Austria, which remained, however victorious, and so the motion rejected by the status quo for now could cement again. However, the initiative went to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia over which initially undertook a liberal reform of their state under Victor Emmanuel II and Prime Minister Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, and in the wake of renewed war against Austria (1859/1869) with French help the Austrians from Lombardy distribute and could accomplish the unification of Italy. With the goals of " Giovane Italia " were largely met. The process of unification of Italy also bears the name " Risorgimento ".
With the founding of the Association the following oath of the members it was decided:
"In the name of God and Italy - in the name of all the martyrs who have fallen for the sacred cause of Italy under the blows of foreign and domestic tyrants - believing in the the Italian people transferred from God mission and the duty of every Italian, to their fulfillment collaborate - I kick the " boys Italy " at, the federal government of men, and swear to consecrate myself entirely and always the task of making together with them to Italy a few independent republic. "