Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union
The pioneer organization Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Всесоюзная пионерская организация имени В.И.Ленина pronunciation / i; transliteration: Wsjesojusnaja Pionerskaya organisazija imeni Wladimir Iljitscha Lenina ) was one of the Komsomol associated youth organization in the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1990 and at 10 - to 15 - year-old children and adolescents taught. Members of the organization were called pioneers.
History
The organization was created as a derivative or spin-off of Russian Scouting.
In 1908, Robert Baden -Powell in England published his book Scouting for Boys, which can be regarded as the founding document of the Scout Movement. The book was translated into Russian yet in the Year.
1909-1911 originated in Russia first scout groups, first in Tsarskoye Selo and later in St. Petersburg and Moscow. 1914 saw the founding of the All-Russian Association Russky Skaut. By 1917, originated in more than 143 Russian cities Skaut associations. In the revolutionary year 1917, there were in Russia more than 50,000 Scouts, mostly children from wealthy families.
The movement continued her work continues even after the revolution in the Soviet Union. Many scouts fled with their families abroad, especially to France and the United States. In 1922, deliberated on the All-Russian meeting of the scoutmaster, the assets of the Scout Movement on the way forward: Many Scout associations participated in the founding of the Communist Pioneer organization. At the time of the final prohibition of the Scout Movement in the Soviet Union in 1923, a year after the founding of the Pioneer organization, there were about 8,000 Russian scouts.
One of the main actors of both the Russian Scout Movement and the emerging Soviet pioneer organization was Innokenty Nikolayevich Zhukov ( 1875-1948 ). Since 1914, secretary of the All-Russian Association Russki Skaut, he later became a pioneer of the RSFSR Supreme. As a representative of a more humanistic oriented flow of the Boy Scouts, he tried to establish an independent Red Scout Association Krasny Skaut, since 1917. This did not succeed. Since 1921 he worked together with Lenin's wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya and the Commissariat of Education ( Narkompros ) on a way to adapt the methods of Scouting to the requirements of a Soviet children's organization.
On Zhukov and the Moscow group "Brothers of Fire " around the name Nikolai Fatjanow pioneer, and the takeover of the Scout salute Будь готов go! - Всегда готов! - Be prepared! - Always ready! back. The Moscow Boy Scouts adopted on 13 May 1922 - a tactically advantageous time a few days before the All-Russian Conference of the Communist Youth League - a " Declaration of the Scoutmaster of Moscow on the question of creating a children's movement in the RSFSR ". In it, they proposed as the foundation of the new communist movement children to use the system scouting and to call the new organization as " Young Pioneers ". They succeeded by a decisive change of perspective in the public discourse about the Russian Scouting. It was henceforth no longer seen as the Komsomol opposite Scout organization, but as a system scouting a new children's movement as a basis.
The change in perspective of the Moscow Boy Scouts was taken over a few days later by the Communist Youth League, which passed a resolution on May 19, 1922 " to edit the question of children's movement and to use the reorganized system of scouting ." In the following years the former Scoutmaster founded new pioneer groups and formed the group ladder.
The decision of the Second All-Russian Komsolkonferenz of 19 May 1922 set later as the founding date of the pioneer organization ( pioneer birthday).
Shortly after the foundation began a strong growth of the organization. Counted in 1923 only 75,000 members, there were already two million in 1926. Reached its climax membership development in the 1970s with over 25 million members. While membership was formally voluntary, nearly all children and young people were members of the organization.
On May 23, 1924 a few months after the death of Lenin, the name of the Pioneer organization was expanded by the addition of " Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ".
After the Komsomol and the Pioneer organization associated with him had given new structures in the framework of Glasnost and Perestroika, the two organizations broke down quickly. The Pioneer organization was banned together with the Komsomol after the failed August coup in 1991.
Today in Russia there are numerous local successor organizations, some of which still refer to themselves as a pioneer organization. Other groups of the revived Russian Scouting have connected.
Structures
By 1942, the Engineering Department was the main level of the work. It contains all the pupils in a school 10 to 15 years were summarized. From 1942, the term was used only for the Lenin Pioneers from a class, the name at the school level was now pioneering group.
The Pioneer organization was divided into three age groups, with 15 years the members with recommendations of the Pioneer organization could change in the Komsomol. Before the pioneering organization which groups the October children were switched, in which 7 - were merged to 9 -year-old children.
The organization was led by the Central Committee of the Pioneer organization, which in turn was controlled by the Central Committee of the Komsomol.
The organization maintained numerous pioneer camp as a holiday camp; for the 1970s, their number is estimated at more than 40,000, where 9.3 million children and young people spent their holidays. The best-known pioneer camp were the All-Union pioneer camp Artek in the Crimea, the Russian SFSR in Orlyonok, Molodaja Gvardija in the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR Subrjonok.
With the Pionerskaya Pravda still existing own newspaper was published.
Contents of the work
The salutation of the Pioneer organization demonstrates in a short form, the educational goal of the organization:
Be ready - to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union! - Always ready!
She was so focused on the emergence of a communist Soviet -educated citizen. Addition, however, were numerous, well maintained usual activities in youth organizations, such as games or sports.
Formulated the objectives in the charter of the pioneer organization in the pioneering rules, the pioneer promise and the pioneer motto.
Partnership
To pioneer organization Ernst Thalmann in the GDR was a partnership.