Yut

Yut ( 윷 ) or Yutnori ( 윷놀이, literally: Yut game incorrectly written Nyout or Nyout - nol -ki ) is a traditional board game from Korea. It dates from the time of the 3 Kingdoms (57 BC to 668 AD) It is considered the predecessor of the Indian game Pachisi and thus also as a predecessor of the game Ludo and Ludo. The different spellings derive from the fact that it is possible to map the Korean writing on Latin characters is not unique. The revised spelling is Yut or Yutnori.

Game rules

In game four marked rods are thrown. The goal is to move one's own checkers fastest on the pitch.

First, the rods are thrown into the air, the way these come to rest, decide on the number of moves.

Historical background is according to legend, the breeding of five different animals: pigs, dogs, chickens, cows and horses.

Components of the game

The basic game (times - pan, 말판 ): It typically consists of sewn clothes, but can be painted on the ground, a piece of paper or a base plate, and is of square or rectangular shape. There are four straight and two diagonal lines of communication, each having five pitches. The diagonal links intersect in the middle and divide so that the playing field so that you get to a total of 30 pitches (29 without the start field )

The throw rods: The four round, from 15 to 17.5 cm long, flattened on either side of Yut - rods ( yussem, 윷셈 ) with a diameter of 1 - 3cm fulfill the function of dice.

Tiles: Both game opponent (or opposing teams ) have four times ( 말 ) called tokens. There are no general rules about the nature of game pieces, except the one that they need to be clearly distinguishable. In addition to the flat, round plastic stones in black and white look for coins, buttons, pebbles or chess pieces ( from the western or the Korean chess) frequently use. times literally means horse, which is why many players believe, after the election faster game pieces (horse ) to move faster in the game.

Throw the Yut - rods

The number of fields that can advance a pawn in a game of results from the union of the rods, depending on how many show with the round or flat side facing up. Each combination of round and flat bar side has its own name:

Because it is four two-sided rods, results in different probabilities of union value. For example, there are six ways to roll two flat and two round sides - of a total of sixteen possibilities. The probability to have a gae, so is 37.50 %. A yut or mo, however, to throw only 6.25%. The chances are that assume that the throw rods are ideal. This means that the probability of a flat side is exactly the same size, such as on a round section. But this is not the case and it may be assumed that mo is rarer than a yut.

Game History

The game can be played by two people or two teams in the latter case, the players switch to the teams from the throwing of the Yut - rods, the total number of players is unlimited.

Each player / team throws each at the beginning once the Yut - rods. The player / team starts with the higher-quality litter. After that is played in the change and the players move the pieces according to the score thrown on the pitch before. In yut and mo can be thrown a second time. If several yut or mo on in a row, the player continues to throw. The number of union reps is unlimited, provided that the player continues yut or mo throws. Here, the token can be drawn either directly after the throw, or the scores are accumulated and at the end of the throw - series, the corresponding number is advanced fields. If a game piece to rest on a field that is occupied by an opposing piece, it must return to the start. If it hits, however, on a stone of your own team, these two pieces can be pulled together from now on. In the event that a game piece on a field comes up, lying on the opponent several stones, they will all be thrown out of the game.

The pieces can only be moved forward. If a game piece directly on one of the major fields in the corners or in the middle, can be chosen, depending on the strategy abbreviations. Overall, there are four possible ways so.

The game is won by the player ( or team), which brings the first all four stones to the finish. The target is the starting field. ( For example, until one player has won three rounds) is often played in several rounds.

Social significance

Yut is a popular family game in Korea, and is traditionally played mainly on Seollal, the Korean New Year's Day.

When playing in large groups to participate those players who are not straight with throwing and pulling on the series, by loud discuss the game strategy to the action. Spectators and team members cheer on the players at loud or wish them certain throw combinations. The rare litters yut and mo solve - especially when they are repeatedly thrown one after the other - violently expressed excitement or enthusiasm. The loser must donate food or drink.

European Disseminated version

The game is also available as Europeanized form and there are especially the round board. The game is called Nyout and leans heavily on the ancient version of the game. It therefore has a simple appearance.

It consists of a game board with 29 black circles. Nine form a cross and twenty are arranged around it. The pieces are small coins engraved with horses and hot times. The dice are called Pam - Nyout are made of wood and are two-sided. On one side they are black and white on the other colored, or on one side are two asterisks burned and left blank on the other side, etc.

This is a variant. There are different elaborations of Nyout with game boards on wood, leather or paper. Similarly, the playing pieces and dice are worked out differently. There are cubes in the form of sticks, half cylinders or coin form.

The game rules are virtually identical. The only difference is that in the Europeanized version of a field is started after a corner, or purple shaded box. This starting field is called Chut.

The terms are inspired by the Korean terms, many of which are not translated correctly.