Zerbaghali

Zerbaghali, also zirbaghali, is a einfellige, goblet-shaped hand drum that is played in the folk music of Afghanistan.

Origin

Form and technique

The Tonkorpus may be glazed or unglazed. More durable than zerbaghalis of clay, but much more expensive, some rarely produced models are made of wood. The membrane is made of clamped and the edge and glued together with a red strip of cloth goat skin. If required, the instrument before the game is held over a fire to tighten the skin. For some instruments, more recently, the membrane shows a round black spot in the middle. These voting paste ( siyahi ) is not applied in Persian tombaks and refers to Indian influence. The size can vary greatly, usual 30 centimeters in diameter and a length of 45 centimeters. The clay drums are produced locally in the north. For the South, most drums are fired in the pottery center Istalif.

The player sits cross-legged on the floor and holding the drum under the left armpit, alternatively, it places them horizontally across the legs. Is struck primarily with the right hand. The technique is taken from the Persian and Indian tabla tombak. The fingers of the right hand, beat on the low tones in the center, the produce of the left hand on the edge of the high notes and impressions of the coat at the same time striking with his right hand a whining sound. Thumb are not used. Occasional gestures such as the high tearing his right hand to show that the zerbaghali is an instrument of dance accompaniment.

Use

In rural areas of Afghanistan no special qualification is required for the Zerbaghali game, which is why no specific stroke technique has emerged. There are missing ( with one exception ) the names of well-known exponents of the art zerbaghali. It can be played instead of the frame drum Daireh as a solo instrument in dance performances. The zerbaghali is played by all ethnic groups in the country, but is not known in the north adjacent regions. Even in cities, the drum remained predominantly of amateur music being reserved for the Afghan courtly music of the song and the Afghan National Instrument were Rubab of the Doholak or the tabla accompanied. Rural amateur music consisted of Rubab, the tanbur long-necked lute, flutes and various derzerbaghali.

Beginning of the 20th century was the zerbaghali in Herat not in use. Was more important then the dohol. From the 1950s, the zerbaghali was introduced Dutar in the teahouses of Herat as an accompaniment of posts originating from Persia long-necked lute. In the 1970s Dutar bands were popular, which used a 14 -string Dutar, an Indian harmonium or Rubab and a zerbaghali. In 1978 and 1979 partially captured in Afghanistan double LP embryo 's journey to the German group Embryo of Malang musician plays Negrabi zerbaghali on two tracks.

Female bands prefer Daireh they use in amateur bands at weddings to sing along with the harmonium. There were some women in the 1970s who also played zerbaghali. To accompany the female wedding guests play the musicians zerbaghali and the bamboo flute tula.

Until the late 1970s there were in Afghan cities a distinct musical culture. The spectrum ranged from the music in tea houses, the one Dutar and a zerbaghali players on other instruments offered with free admission along with amateurs from the audience, to professional Sazandeh groups. These were formed by well-known singers like Mohammad Amir around. In larger crew arrived occasional addition to the aforementioned Afghan instruments dilruba and tanpura added to enhance the sound, the Indian influence accordingly.

Discography

  • Abdul Majid ( tanbur ), Golam Nabi ( dilruba ), Malang ( zerbaghali ), Gholam Hassan ( Sarinda ) include: Afghanistan - Music from Kabul. Recorded in 1973. As a CD at Lyrichord Archive Series
  • Bangicha ( Zerbaghali ), among others: Afghanistan. A Journey to an Unknown Musical World. Recorded in 1974 by the WDR. As a CD at Network 1994. ( 4 pieces with Zerbaghali )
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