Zhili Province

Zhili (直隶, Zhi lì ) is a former province of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Towards the end of the imperial period included the (originally much larger ) province in about today's Hebei Province, with their enclaves Beijing and Tianjin.

History

North Zhili (北 直隶in Zhi lì, outdated transcription Petschili or Pe - Chih-li ) and South Zhili (南 直隶, NAN Zhi lì ) were two provinces directly ruled by Emperor Yongle. 1403 moved this the capital of Nanjing ( " Southern Capital" ) to Beiping, which he then renamed in Beijing ( " Northern Capital "). Both directly ruled provinces were called together Zhili ( " directly governed "). The northern part included the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, most of the present-day provinces of Hebei and Henan and Shandong parts. The area around the reserve capital of Nanjing in the south included parts of the present provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui and the administrative district of Shanghai.

As Nanjing during the Qing Dynasty lost its status as a "second capital ", South Zhili was reconstituted into a regular province Jiangnan. The northern Zhili was renamed in Zhili and in the 18th century its borders were moved and it lasted now about today's (2013 ) Beijing, Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, western Liaoning, North Henan and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1928 ordered the government of the Republic of China parts of Zhili its neighbors to the north and named Zhili order in Hebei.

Geography

According Pierer 's Universal Dictionary ( 4th edition 1857-1865 ) is