Zhostovo painting

When painting from Schostowo (Russian Жостовская роспись / Schostowskaja Rospis ) is lacquer painting on metal trays. The trays are made ​​of sheet steel painted with floral motifs (floral motifs). The trays are after the village Schostowo (Russian Жостово ) in Rajon Mytischtschi, Moscow Oblast, named, which is a center of this folk art even today.

There, this ancient Russian handicraft was originated at the beginning of the 19th century. The Schostowo - painting was mainly inspired by the flower painting on metal, as it has been maintained in the Urals. When Schostowo Painting is one of the most well known types of folk painting in Russia.

The tablets are punched from sheet metal and pressed. They are then primed, sanded and painted with several layers of oil paint. Each coat is individually dried in the oven. The trays are hand painted, usually with bouquets of flowers on a black background. Only rarely the background is red, blue, green or silver. The painting is done without stencils or templates. Typically, large flowers of garden flowers and small flowers of wild flowers are mixed. The final image is covered with three transparent coating layers. The painter usually works in parallel simultaneously on multiple tablets. To enhance the effect of depth of the picture, the flowers, the dark background starting out, to the front always painted brighter and brighter.

The metal trays have various shapes: round, oval, octagonal, square, and combinations thereof.

Wischnjakow

Filipp Niki table Wischnjakow ( Филипп Никитич Вишняков ) opened in 1780 in the village Schostowo ( Жостово ) a workshop for lacquer miniatures, which was then moved to Moscow. He had for a time worked in the workshop in Fedoskino and there looked at the painting technique and the technology before he had opened his own workshop. After Filipp Wischnjakow had accumulated enough capital, he traded his goods himself in Moscow and then I moved to Moscow, to the Zwetnoj Bulwar ( Цветной бульвар / flowers Boulevard). His factory existed until 1840.

In Moscow, he opened a new workshop, during the workshop in the village Schostowo his brother Tars Wischnjakow further led until the son was Ossip range grow. 1825 took over Ossip Filippowitsch Wischnjakow ( Осип Филиппович Вишняков, † 1888), son of Filipp Niki table Wischnjakow, the workshop and led her further success until it was then continued by his uncles Peter and Wassilii.

Ossip Wischnjakow later founded together with EF Belyayev ( Е. Ф. Беляев ) an own workshop. This workshop Wischnjakow and Belyayev, whose first products appeared in 1830, was the largest in the region and was the beginning of the 19th century an important competitor for the operation of Korobov and Lukutin in Fedoskinos (paint miniatures from Fedoskino ). In the second half of the 19th century, the vinyl mini doors from the factory of Wischnjakow were as well known as that of Lukutin. Both factories made ​​their competition, there were the two outstanding workshops for lacquer miniatures in the Moscow area. Both workshops influenced each other in their art, masterpieces were exchanged, snapped painting techniques, technical innovations of the other accepted.

Ossip Wischnjakow stepped on the markets on its competition out of the Urals, which offered lacquer paintings on metal and recognized the needs of the market for such. In the Urals metallurgical works of the Demidov family were ( a Russian entrepreneur dynasty ) - in Nizhny Tagil ( there metal trays are still made ​​and painted ), Nevyansk and Novouralsk ( Verch - Newinsk ). Wischnjakow presented his production on metal trays around with lacquer paintings. To einzuhandeln no trouble with the competition from the Urals because of allegations of plagiarism, he changed from the motives. Its trays were decorated with the previous lacquer paintings, as opposed to the "primitive" images from the Urals. The monopoly of Wischnjakow family on trays with lacquer paintings did not last long. After the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861 was followed by entrepreneurial farmers from the neighborhood his example and opened at home workshops for lacquered trays. The metal trays were purchased from forging the environment. The Russian culture of drinking tea, with a samovar and sweets (honey, Warenje, Russian fruit confection - Apfelpastillen, Russian Honey Strawberry Gingerbread, Kowrischki, pierogi, kulich ) favored the strong demand for pretty paint painted trays. In the workshop of Wischnjakow initially trays and items made ​​of paper mache were painted. 1830 have replaced the paintings on paper mache full on metal at Wischnjakows the paintings. The lacquer painting on papier-mâché was outsourced to the village Ostaschkowo.

The further development of painting from Schostowo was stylistically influenced by the enamel painting of farms in the Moscow region and porcelain painting, especially the paint miniatures from the operation of Lukutin in Fedoskino.

After 1917

After the October Revolution ( 1917) several Artels (cooperatives ) were founded. These came together in 1928 to operate Schosowo Metallopodnos ( " Металлоподнос " / metal tray ). In 1960, he was transformed into the " factory Schostowo for decorative painting " ( Жостовскуая фабрика декоративной росписи ).

School

As of 1938, the Vocational Training for the Tray painter directly in the production department. 1950 to 1980 was the school in Fedoskino ( Fedoskino School of miniature painting ) specialist paint miniatures, Finift from Rostov (Russian Ростовская финифть; artistic enamel work ) and for painting on metal from from Schostow.