Zillertal

Zillertal mountain landscape

The Zillertal is a southern tributary of the Inn valley in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

Geography

The Zillertal branches about 40 km east of Innsbruck, near Jenbach, from the Inn valley from. It is the widest of the southern valleys of the Inn. It takes its name from the river Ziller, which passes through it from south to north and empties in Strass im Zillertal in the Inn. In a narrower sense the valley of rhinestone enough to Mayrhofen. There it divides into the Tux Valley, the Zemmtal, the Stilluptal and the Ziller reason. From the northern branch of the Valley already unsettled Märzengrund and Finsinggrund with the tourism development Hochfuegen- upper Zillertal, Zell am Ziller is the Gerlostal from.

The valley separates the Tux Alps to the west of the Kitzbühel Alps in the east. In the south, on the border with South Tyrol, Zillertal Alps, the Zillertal main ridge.

Unlike other Tyrolean valleys of the Zillertal valley slopes and rises overcomes any of Strass im Zillertal ( 522 m) to Mayrhofen (628 m) only slightly to. Between Aschau and Zell am Ziller, the valley narrows to about half the width ( front and rear Zillertal ). The high mountain Zillertal Alps Nature Park occupies 35 % of the Zillertal. Politically, the Zillertal belongs to the district of Schwaz. About 9 % of the total area of permanent settlement.

Climate

The Zillertal has an inner alpine Talk Lima and is located in the transition zone from the dry climate of the Ötztal and Stubai Alps to the wetter the Zillertal Alps and Hohe Tauern. Typical are a strong temperature amplitude, lots of sun in the winter, light winds and hardly any fog. The mean annual precipitation in Zell am Ziller is 1070 mm.

History

First findings from the Middle Stone Age at Tux yoke show the early importance of this transition between the Wipptal and the Zillertal. The first sparse settlement was probably in the late Bronze Age ( 1200-800 BC). Traces of settlements from the early Iron Age (500 BC) were found. Many place names refer to pre-Roman and vorgermanische language roots. By 15 BC, the Romans conquered the Alpine area to the Danube. Tyrol belonged while the provinces of Raetia and Noricum in the west to the east. Probably at that time formed the Ziller the border between the two provinces. The local population was gradually romanized. From the north migrated to a 560 the Bavarians. Many place names have a Baiuvarii language root.

The valley was first mentioned in a charter of 889 as " Cillarestale ". A series of donations founded the rich land of the archbishops of Salzburg. The farms and estates were managed by the Meier offices in Zell, Schwendau and joining. The Christianization took place in the 8th century. In the year 738 the Roman province borders the diocese boundaries between the Diocese of Brixen - Saeben and Salzburg below were determined as they are still valid today, the Ziller forms the border river. To see this is still, on the western side of Brixen (now Diocese of Innsbruck ) is the spiers predominantly red, covered on the eastern side of Salzburg green. The green color is caused by the use of copper for the roofs, which could use the ( richer ) Diocese of Salzburg for its churches, while the Diocese of Brixen had to be more economical and worked with tile roofs.

With the secularization of the Ziller then formed the border between Tyrol (1803 ) and Bavaria ( 1810). In 1816 it came to the union of the near Salzburg proportion of the Zillertal with the crown land of Tyrol and thus Austria. The miners brought the Lutheran doctrine of the Zillertal, which was widespread, especially in the inner valley. The Zillertal Inklinanten how the Zillertal Protestants were called, were eventually persecuted and forced to emigrate in 1837. They found in Prussian Silesia a new home, where they founded the town Zillerthal - Erdmannsdorf. When Soviet troops at the end of World War II were advancing in their settlement area, the descendants of the Zillertal Inklinanten were forced to leave this second home and were then scattered throughout the world.

In the 19th century the Zillertal by travel writers described. The Zillertal pedlars, " Bauer doctors" and singers families were known. In the second half of the 19th century began with the establishment of shelters and Roads mountain climbing as a recreational sport. The winter tourist development began 1953/1954 with the construction of the ski Gerlossstein, today Zillertal Arena, which was soon followed by other lifts and the opening of the Mayrhofen Penkenbahn in 1954. The use of water power was in great style from the 1970s.

Economy

Economically significant ( as of 2003) is mainly tourism with a total of about 6 million overnight stays per year, of which have a focus on winter tourism. For the Touristien are 90,000 guest beds and 670 kilometers of slopes.

Agriculture is the grassland management with milk production and cattle breeding, sheep-breeding, to name a cultivation of fodder maize and Serviced. In addition, the timber industry has always been a high priority in the Ziller Valley, and still today there are many large sawmills. The wood is usually transported by means of the Zillertal Railway, transport of timber was also one of the main reasons for the construction of the Zillertal Railway. Especially in the front and middle part of the valley are significant commercial and industrial enterprises to find. In Gerlostal in the rear reasons, the electricity industry is dominant.

The Zillertal has several large reservoirs which are used for energy production. These include:

  • Zillergründl
  • Schlegeisspeicher
  • Memory Stillup
  • Memory Durlaßboden
  • Memory Gmünd.

Traffic

By public transport the Zillertal Zillertal on the web is to reach the ( located on the Lower Inn Valley Railway) from Jenbach to Mayrhofen and since 2009 offers a dense regular intervals. Also, freight is on this narrow gauge line, which is currently being expanded selectively double track, settled. In the side valleys and as a supplement to rail traffic, a bus service is offered.

The Zillertal is about the Zillertal road, provides the connection to the Inn valley motorway, opened up. From Zell am Ziller, the Gerlos main road (B 165) branches off. The Zillertal High Road is a winding, scenic road toll; more toll roads leading into the summer Zillergründl and Schlegeisspeicher.

Tourism

With the advent of mountaineering mid-19th century, tourism has grown steadily. So was the Zillertal to one of the birthplaces of alpine mountaineering - initially with local mountain guides, but soon discovered English and German mountaineers the Zillertal for themselves. The winter tourist development of the Ziller Valley began in 1949 with the establishment of a drag lift in Hintertux and Lanersbach and subsequently 1953/54, with the construction of Penkenbahn in Mayrhofen.

Today, the Zillertal is divided into four holiday regions:

  • " Top holiday region in Zillertal Add - Kaltenbach " with the ski resorts Spieljochbahn and Ski Optimal Hochfuegen- Zillertal,
  • The Zillertal Arena with the ski resorts of Zell am Ziller and Gerlos,
  • Mayrhofen with the ski resorts on the Penken and maple as well as
  • Tux - Finkenberg with the Hintertux glacier ski and the large ski area Ski Zillertal 3,000.

Culture and sights

Attractions

  • High Alpine Nature Park Zillertal Alps
  • Nostalgia train on the Zillertal Railway
  • Devil's Bridge ( Finkenberg )
  • Pilgrimage Church of Maria Brettfall ( rhinestone)
  • Waterfalls ( Schlitters, Hart, Laimach, Talbach )
  • Schlegeisspeicher, Zillergründl, Stillupspeicher reservoir, reservoir Gerlos
  • Zillertal High Road
  • Hochfeiler
  • Bird trail (hard )

Folk Culture

Im Zillertal there is a long tradition of folk music. From early May to late October several folk festivals and Kirchtagssuppe festivals are celebrated, such as the " Zillertal Gauderfest ", which is one of Austria 's oldest and largest spring and folklore festival. In September, traditional cattle drives, the " Schaflschoade " will take place.

High Alpine Nature Park Zillertal Alps

The Zillertal Alps Nature Park is located in the Zillertal. It starts at Mayrhofen and then splits the ten other valleys on. It extends over an area of 379 km ². The lowest point is at Ginzling, at about 1,000 meters above sea level, the highest point is the peak of Hochfeiler 3,509 meters. In nature park region there are about 80 glaciers. These cover an area of ​​40 km ². Further features of the Natural Park are:

  • Listed Berliner Hütte as a symbol of the beginning of alpinism
  • Zemmgrund and Berliner Hütte since 1891 location of the glacier research
  • Numerous crystal deposits (such Zillertal garnet, amethyst, rock crystal)
  • Together with the National Park Hohe Tauern and the Rieserferner Ahrn largest protected area network in the Alps 2,500 km ²
  • Bergsteigerdorf Ginzling - cradle of alpine tourism in the Zillertal
  • Orchids of the nature park village of Brandenberg ( up to twelve different species of orchids )
  • Protected parts of the landscape " bell " - because of botanical diversity
  • Black Moor ( Zemmgrund ): A formed by Ice Age glaciers mold at 2,150 m

Regional products

The Zillertal is the origin and home of famous Tyrolean natural products such as from the Zillertal Zillertal Heumilchkäse and the gray cheese, produced by the dairies based in the Zillertal. Despite the extreme extra expense of Heubewirtschaftung to 380 farmers and dairies have decided to maintain this form of natural management and to dispense completely fermenting feed. The processed milk comes from cows that eat only fresh Almgras, herbs and flowers. Other regional specialties are Zillertal Doughnuts or Schliachta - Nudln.

Personalities

  • The Zillertal womanizer, popular music group
  • Buam origin, popular music group
  • Leonhard Stock, Olympic champion and world champion ( Alpine Skiing, Cross Country)
  • Peter Habeler mountaineer
  • Eberharter, Olympic champion, double world champion, European Cup overall winner, honorary citizen of the town of Silent
  • Georg Totschnig cyclist
  • Zillertal Haderlumpen, Winner Grand Prix of Folk Music 2007
  • Heinz Kinigadner, motorcyclists
  • Uli Spiess, skier
  • Andi Schiestl, Disabled Athlete
  • Heinz Schiestl, sculptor
  • Nicola Lechner, disabled athlete
  • Ludwig Gredler, Biathlon
  • Albin Moroder, sculptor
  • The young Zillertal, musical group
  • Marc Pircher, entertainer & singer

Gallery

The village square of Mayrhofen

An aerial ropeway in the Ziller reason

View from the Hintertux Glacier to the west

The Schlegeisspeichersee

Hainzenberg Schwaz District Tuxer Joch Steeple Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park Ursprung Buam Stephan Eberharter Integrated Authority File
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