Zmeinogorsk
Smeinogorsk (Russian Змеиногорск ) is a city in the Altai region in southern West Siberia (Russia) with 10,955 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
The city is located 270 km southwest of Barnaul around the snake mountain ( gora Smejewaja ) on the southwest flank of the Kolywankammes of ore - Altai ( Rudny Altai ). Through the town flows the river Korbolicha, a tributary of the Alei in the system of the Ob and the brook Smejowka. In the surroundings of the steppe areas of the northern Voraltai go on in a southeasterly direction in mountain taiga.
The climate is continental with an average January temperature of -15.5 ° C and an average July temperature of 19.1 ° C. The mean annual rainfall is 516 mm.
The city is the administrative center of the Smeinogorsk Rajons same name.
The city is located on the regional road R370 Pospelicha - Tretjakowo (distance about Pospelicha to Barnaul 335 km ) and has a rail service.
History
1735 silver ore were discovered and built in it a mine and the associated settlement in the area of the town rich. The name of the mine and the town was first Smejow and was derived from the Russian word Smeja (snake ) (see Snake Mountain - gora Smejewaja and snake Bach - Smejowka ). The degradation of Silbereze was operated both above and below ground.
1754 began in Smeinogorsk the work of the mechanic and inventor Ivan Polsunow, who built the first sawmill in Russia here.
1757 was a (wooden) fortress. The name of a hill in the urban area ( sopka Karaulnaja -. Wachhügel, 636 m above sea level ) still reminds us of the former military significance.
From 1763 to 1798 worked in Smeinogorsk the hydro engineer and inventor Kozma Frolov. In 1786 he left the Smejowka with a 18 m high embankment dam to a pond, then emerged on the basis of mining technical institutions for the promotion of the ore and water drainage in mine. Some of these facilities is to this day.
In the 1770s and 1780s created the first mining school in the region, the first mountain hospital and a church.
1806-1809 built Kosma Frolows son of a mining engineer Piotr Frolov, the first, still operated with horses, railway in Russia, with a length of about 2 km between mine and 1804 eröffneter Silberhütte. This cast-iron rails were used; the gauge was 1067 mm.
Up until about the mid-19th century mine site and played a prominent role in the Russian mining industry. About half of the projects supported Altai silver came from here. Scientists such as the German naturalist and geographer Peter Simon Pallas and Alexander von Humboldt, the German botanist Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, the German - Russian zoologist Alexander von Bunge and the mechanic Ivan Kulibin visited the place.
By the end of the 19th century, however, the ore reserves were largely degraded, allowing the smelter stopped operating in 1893. At this time, sat down definitively the place name by Smeinogorsk, which was also previously been used in addition to or Smejow Smejowski, but the place had practically lost its meaning, became a trading settlement with small-scale industries of local importance and lost its city charter.
In the 1920s and 1930s polymetallic ores (lead, zinc, copper) were discovered and built on the basis of several mines in the surrounding deposits. Consequently Smeinogorsk first received the status of a working class neighborhood, and in 1952 again to a city.
Demographics
Note: Census data
Attractions
Fragments of the mining facilities of the 18th and 19th centuries have been preserved ( Smeinogorsker, Petrovsky, Tscherepanowski and Jekaterinenbergwerk ), including the " mountain pond " ( Gorny prud ) with dam from 1786 and an underground water wheel in a 22 m high chamber (not currently accessible ). In today's center, in the area of the former commercial suburb ( torgowaja sloboda ) the main square with the so-called trade rows, the administration building of the Kolyvan - Woskressensker mines, the House of Berg officers and merchant houses from the mid-19th century has survived virtually unchanged. There is also the Mining Museum was originally established in 1827 by Pyotr Frolov and 1985 re-opened. The building of the spirits factory was built in 1901-03. Outside the center, around the mountain pond and along the road towards Kolyvan some villas have been preserved.
Economy
In the mining environment ( polymetallic ores) is operated. There are also light and food industry enterprises ( dairy, spirits ). Smeinogorsk is also an agricultural area ( arable and livestock ).