Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex
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The Zollverein Coal Mine was a 1847 to 1986 active coal mine in Essen.
Today it is a World Heritage architecture and industrial monument. Together with the immediately adjacent coking plant Zollverein include the localities 12 and 1/2/8 of the mine since 2001 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Zollverein is the anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. - Not to be confused with the Zollern mine.
Location
The main site of the Zeche Zollverein with the equipment bay 12 and bay 1/2/8 located in the northeastern district of Essen Stop Mountain, immediately adjacent to the neighborhoods Katernberg and Schonnebeck. It is located between the streets Arendahls Wiese, Fritz- Schupp -Allee, Gelsenkirchen street and Haldenstraße. The main entrance to the famous view from the front of the Doppel Bock headframe is located at the Gelsenkirchen road. Sited between Arendahls meadow, Cologne -Minden Road and Great Westerkamp is the Zollverein coking plant. The three plants are currently perceived as a total ensemble of world cultural heritage.
The system tray 3/7/10 is around one kilometer east of it in the street At Craftsman Park in Katernberg district.
The system tray 4/5/11 located about two kilometers north of the main site on the Katernberger street in Katernberg district. Today, the start-up and business center Triple Z uses the former colliery buildings.
The system tray 6/951.481497.044961 was about one kilometer south of the main road between Gelsenkirchen street, in Natt and Hello road. All buildings and facilities were demolished with the task of Südfeldes, 1979; Today, the area is covered by forest.
The dumps of the Zeche Zollverein in Essen are Katernberg and Gelsenkirchen.
History
1834-1890
The foundation of the bill came from the industrialist Franz Haniel, who was on the search for suitable for steelmaking coking coal. In 1834 he succeeded in Essen- Beautiful Beck, for the first time to pierce the marl layer. In this way there the course for the Zeche Zollverein were asked. In Mutungsbohrungen in space Katernberg a particularly fruitful coal seam was drilled, among other things, which was named after the German Customs Union was founded in 1833. In 1847 Franz Haniel the mining law union Zeche Zollverein and distributed the Kuxbesitz within his family. Haniel, the co-owner of the hut Jacobi, Haniel & Huyssen (later Gutehoffnungshütte ) was planned, the Zeche Zollverein to annex the Sterkrader works. The first hut colliery in the Ruhr district would thereby become Zollverein. His plan was vetoed by the other shareholders of the Hüttengewerkschaft JHH.
The choice of location also the Cologne - Minden railway played an important role, which was also opened in 1847. Their route runs just north of the mine site. For easy access to the then new railroad for transportation was assured.
The land for the construction of a mine has been provided by the also participated in the union landowners Schwartmann Gen. Bull man. Therefore, the site of the foundation pit was soon called Bullmannaue ( The current name of the approach road to the pit 1/2 stems ).
The Abteufarbeiten for slot 1 of the Zollverein colliery began on 18 February 1847 the operation leader Joseph Oertgen, after a street in the colony Ottekampshof was later named. 130 meters below the coal mountains was approached. However, the promotion began in 1851. Parallel next to slot 1 of the Well 2 was drilled in 1849 to have been. This was 1852 in operation.
For the first time two externally identical Malakow towers were erected over the shafts as a conveyor system; this example of a twin building with common nacelle between the wells was repeated later on other mines in the construction of a twin-shaft system.
From 1857 next to the pit 1/2 some Meileröfen were operated as a precursor of a coking plant. From 1866 they were replaced by a modern coking plant with machine furnaces.
1880 began with the sinking of a second separate conveyor system in Schonnebeck. The shaft 3 in 1883 went into operation. The surface facilities were expanded extensively by the architect Dreyer. The shaft was a German struts framework the type Promnitz as a conveyor system. In 1890, 1 million tons of marketable production was brought to light. Thus, the Zollverein Coal Mine was the mine with the highest annual production in Germany.
1890-1918
Due to the favorable economic situation in the mining area resulting a more extensive, very extensive expansion of the mine was made in the following years. In the northern part hangover mountain on the border with Heßler the twin-shaft system was built 1891-1896 Zollverein 4/5 with a belt and rope drive bay and one purely designed for ventilation shaft. On this pit immediately a new coking plant was put into operation.
1896 a further production well in the range of stopping mountain was sunk. This went into operation in 1897 and was first equipped with a double-braced stand, since it was designed for the parallel guide of promotion and man-riding.
The workings of the Zollverein were as to the weather channel to be problematic. After several accidents that were caused by firedamp, the pits were gradually equipped with small weather shafts. Thus arose:
Then the pit 1/2 was replaced, instead of the shaft 1 received Malakowturmes a German struts framework. Further processing and coking plant were due to be renewed.
The marketable production rose during the First World War, to 2.5 million tonnes of coal.
1918-1932
From 1920, the union cooperated Zollverein, which was by then owned by the family of industrialists Haniel family, reinforced with the Phoenix AG of Mining and Metallurgical Plant. The management of the colliery was completely in the hands of Phoenix AG.
Under their direction renewal and repair work took place; Well 2 obtained a headframe and it was the renewal of the mine 4/5 decided. A blind shaft was broken high up to day and taken as well 11 into operation. The expansion of the production well was until 1927. Shaft 4 and 11 were equipped with the same type conveyor stands, the workings 4/5/11 renewed accordingly. The coking plant 4/5/11 was taken out of service in return.
During the transition the Phoenix AG to the United Steel Works Ltd. 1926 Zeche Zollverein the Gelsenkirchen Mining -AG has been assigned ( GBAG ) and from then on out in the group Gelsenkirchen. Under their direction the coke ovens were gradually decommissioned.
1928 decided to GBAG the construction of a complete, designed as a central conveyor pit. With a capacity of 12,000 tons of coal daily took over shaft 12, the entire coal output of the previous four plants with a total of eleven wells. The architects Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer designed the pit, which was considered architectural and engineering feat and direction for the objective- functional industrial building was - it follows the structure of the influential school of the Bauhaus. The pit was considered the most modern and "most beautiful coal mine in the world."
Built in 1930 Doppelbock headframe in solid wall construction became the model for many later built central conveying systems. The shaft took 1932 on the promotion and was named in 1937 (from 1941 "bay Albert Vogler " ) after the then Director General of the Gelsenkirchen Mining AG Albert Vogler "bay Albert".
1932-1968
The promotion of the Zeche Zollverein has increased immensely by this measure. It reached 3.6 million tons in 6900 employees in 1937. The coking plant at Shaft 1/2/8 was taken as a small building with 54 coke ovens in the previous year back in operation and produced 200,000 tons of coke annually. In 1937, the old double-braced stand on shaft 6 by a new construction of a two storey struts framework with only one promotion was replaced.
The Second World War was the Zeche Zollverein with relatively little damage. In 1953, a annual production of 2.4 million tonnes has already been reached again, thereby Zollverein again took the top spot among the West German coal mines.
After transition to the Rheinelbe Mining AG as the successor company of the old GBAG an extensive renovation and rationalization of the operation of all Zollverein pits was made.
The headframe over the shaft 1 was replaced in 1958 by a solid-walled building. At the same time a complete redesign of the pit 1/2/8 by the architect Fritz Schupp was carried out from 1960 to 1964. Well 2 obtained in 1964 dismantled headframe of the shaft 2 of the disused colliery Peaceful neighbor as a new conveyor system.
In 1961 a central coking plant was operated at 192 ovens on a site located to the west. The coking plant was long regarded as the most modern coking plant in Europe, in the daily 10,000 tons of coal were processed into coke. Due to the steel crisis and the falling demand for coal coking plant on 30 June 1993 was shut down.
1962-1964 the outer pits were summarized. Bay 4 in 1962 set as production well out of service. The headframe was delivered to the mine in Holland Wattenscheid to develop a new central production well. The conveyors bay 3 and 7 were also dismantled. In 1967 the production was set to the pits 4/11 and 6/9. The sole funding remained at bay 12
In 1968, the Zollverein Coal Mine was passed in the mining AG Essen Ruhr coal AG.
1968-1986
After taking over the mine mechanization and rationalization of the conveyor operation was continued. The promotion of Zollverein was still a year at approximately 3 million tons. In 1974, the network was carried out with the neighboring colliery Holland. Schacht 3/4/6 Holland was abandoned as a production site and continue to operate along with some of the mine shafts Boniface as a rope navigation and weather mine.
From 1980 was operated with the dismantling of the last fat reserves of coal in the seam sunshine, the shift of the degradation to the north. The southern and eastern shafts were gradually abandoned. From 1982, a conveyor combined with the adjacent North Star mine was operated. In return, the task of the construction field Holland was done with the 1983.
The promotion of this composite mine North Star Zollverein reached again 3.2 million tons annually. After renewed slump in sales for Ruhr coal, the task of conveying site Zollverein was decided in the coal round 1983.
On December 23, 1986, all remaining conveyors of Zollverein were shut down. The coking plant was still in operation until 1993. Tray 2 and 12 remained open for water drainage.
In retrospect, the remaining surface installations of shaft 12, get Shaft 1/2/8 and slot 3/10 for a new use, and as an industrial monument.
Change of industrial structure for industrial culture
Following closure in 1986, the State of North Rhine -Westphalia bought the Ruhr coal AG from the site and put the whole ensemble under monument protection. In the following years, the site was redeveloped. The construction company building workshop Zeche Zollverein Shaft XII GmbH completed its remediation activities in 1999. Since 2001, founded to development Zollverein mbH ( EAC ) and the Zollverein Foundation and the Foundation Industrial Monuments and Historical Culture for the receipt and use of the decommissioned plants are responsible. On 14 December 2001 Zeche Zollverein were included in the UNESCO list of cultural and natural heritage of the world.
Zeche Zollverein is today a center for cultural and creative industries with a focus on design and architecture in Essen. Here is the museum path path of coal, the visitor center of the Route of Industrial Heritage, in the former, by Norman Foster converted the boiler house, the Design Zentrum Nordrhein Westfalen, on the adjacent site of Shaft 1/2/8 PACT Zollverein ( Choreographic Centre North Rhine- Westphalia remodeled by architect Christoph Mackler ) and the art Zollverein and the Ceramic Workshop Margaretenhöhe. On 3/7/10 shaft is the field of experience of the senses.
In the former coking plant are exhibition spaces for contemporary art, there is a permanent exhibition of the accessible room installation Palace of Projects by Ilya & Emilia Kabakov and, since 2006, the Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance. In the Casino Zollverein Schacht 12 there is a restaurant on the premises of the coking plant is Café & Restaurant " the coking plant ".
In the summer of 2006, the complex reconstruction of the coal washing plant designed by the Dutch architectural firm OMA by Floris Alkemade, and Böll architects was completed after several years. A new, creatively ajar to the existing conveyor bridges, 55 m long gangway leads visitors to 24 m height in the new visitor center. From August 26 to December 3, 2006 the ENTRY2006 - What was in the coal washing plant we will live to see tomorrow. In a large exhibition of 300 objects designers and architects from 20 countries were shown.
In the fall of 2003, the development company Zollverein wrote together with Essen transport company from a regional design competition. Was looking for a corresponding " Zollverein " design for the tram line 107, which runs from Gelsenkirchen in the south of Essen and holds the Zollverein site. From the top ten out of the 44 entries, the readers of the magazine ZOLLVEREIN 31/8 selected in January 2004 in accordance with the jury the draft offices FAIR GAME communication.
In June 2006, the construction of the Zollverein cube was completed designed by the Japanese architectural firm SANAA. Although he is not on the original mine site rather than its input, it is counted to the overall ensemble.
On the roof of the coal washing plant was built in the course of the renovation of the Erich Brost pavilion. Here you can find all kinds of events take place.
Ruhr Museum
On January 9th, 2010 pulled the designed as a permanent exhibition, new Ruhr Museum, previously in South Essen as Ruhrlandmuseum resident in the coal processing. The exhibition rooms have been since August 2006 for various temporary exhibitions, such as the Entry 2006 - As we will tomorrow life? and gold in the Dark (2008) with the treasures of the Essen cathedral chamber used.
Zollverein Park
To make up for the population and tourists accessible to foot the bill and the adjacent coke plant was completed in late 2012, designed by the Planning Group Oberhausen in cooperation with F1rstdesign, Licht Kunst Licht AG and Observatory Zollverein Park. The concept is based on the claim that existing structures allow carefully be used towards the redesign and to consider the history of the place. Thus, new ways, squares, pavilions were created and designed installations and a lighting concept. The maintenance of the vegetation is still in the foreground.
Film and Television
- Images of the Zeche Zollverein are regularly since September 2006 as an integral part of scene transition at the gambling in Essen RTL daily soap All that matters.
- In the film Superstau comes early in the film Ralf Richter from work on Zeche Zollverein.
- In the film The Miracle of Bern can be seen in the background at the beginning of the Zeche Zollverein.
- In the music video In Town of the German Rappers Favorite Zeche Zollverein is clearly visible.
Current
In addition to the alterations already mentioned Zollverein has become a prestige project of the Ruhr. Since the award of the title " World Heritage " is Zollverein international meeting point for both large cultural projects such as the international world music fair " WOMEX " or the "extra layer " - The Night of Industrial Heritage in the Ruhr region as well as for concerts at smaller scale, the WDR Big Band is a regular guest and the hip- hop group " Fettes Brot " in the context of TRIDEM. Every year the town hosts the colliery festival with live music. Due to the numerous construction projects on and around Zollverein a wide cultural offer for many interests to be created in the coming years.
An outside view of the entire system is constantly possible. From the visitor center tours are offered in the interior, some of which are run by former miners.