Zopiclone

  • (RS) -6 - ( 5-chloro- 2-pyridyl) - 6,7- dihydro -7 -oxo -5H -pyrrolo [3,4- b] pyrazin -5-yl -4- methyl-1- piperazinecarboxylate
  • DL -6-( 5-chloro- 2-pyridyl) - 6,7- dihydro -7 -oxo -5H -pyrrolo [3,4- b] pyrazin -5-yl -4- methyl-1- piperazinecarboxylate
  • (±) -6 - ( 5-chloro- 2-pyridyl) - 6,7- dihydro -7 -oxo -5H -pyrrolo [3,4- b] pyrazin -5-yl -4- methyl-1- piperazinecarboxylate
  • Rac -6-( 5-chloro- 2-pyridyl) - 6,7- dihydro -7 -oxo -5H -pyrrolo [3,4- b] pyrazin -5-yl -4- methyl-1- piperazinecarboxylate

N05CF01

Hypnotic sedative tranquilizer

Solid fuel

178 ° C

Attention

827 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Zopiclone is a drug from the group of active ingredients cyclopyrrolones. Zopiclone affects sleep- in small doses - in high doses schlaferzwingend. Also, it acts anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and muscle. In Germany, the drug was approved in March 1994.

Pharmacology

Zopiclone is chemically a Cyclopyrrolon derivative, which is the only approved the sedative cyclopyrrolones. From a profile of action it belongs to the group of selective Benzodiazepinrezeptoragonisten. Pharmacologically it is as a sedative new generation - classified - as Z Drug.

Pharmacokinetics

Zopiclone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and included in the central nervous system. Already after one hour is the maximum plasma concentration of 0.02 - 0.06 reached ug / ml. The bioavailability is 80%. Zopiclone binds to the α1 subunit of the GABA receptor. This selective effect of the neurotransmitter is excessively increased. Thus, the drug mimics the action profile of the neurotransmitter γ -aminobutyric acid on the receptor. This reinforcement on the GABA receptor does not occur primarily in the local cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but in other systems the peripheral receptor. The half-life of 5 hours.

Side effects

The most common side effect of the irritation of the sense of taste is described ( bitter, metallic taste ). In addition, dry mouth were observed headaches, daytime fatigue and general weakness as side effects. Furthermore, anterograde amnesia may occur, this means a memory lapse after taking medication. With a regular use over several weeks at weaning with Withdrawal symptoms can be expected. Zopiclone has a high psychological and physical addiction potential, similar to benzodiazepines. For this reason, it should not be prescribed for longer than several days. The use in people with pre-existing dependency disorder is allowed only in exceptional cases.

Stereoisomerism

Zopiclone is chiral, ie contains a stereocenter. Thus, there are two enantiomers, the ( R) form and the ( S) form. Only the ( S)- zopiclone ( eszopiclone ) is pharmacologically active.

Can be used medicinally both the racemate ( 1:1 mixture of enantiomers ) and the pure eszopiclone.

Trade names

Imovane (D, CH), Optidorm (D), Somnal (A), Somnosan (D), Ximovan (D), Zopiclodura (D ), various generics (D)

The pure ( S)- zopiclone ( eszopiclone ) is only approved in the U.S. as a sleep aid under the name Lunesta.

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