Acetazolamide

• IUPAC: N-( 5 - ( aminosulfonyl ) - 1,3,4 -thiadiazole -2-yl ) acetamide
• Latin: Acetazolamidum

S01EC01

White to almost white crystalline powder

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

260.5 ° C

7.2

• Very slightly soluble in water ( 980 mg · l-1 at 30 ° C)
• Sparingly soluble in ethanol 96 %
• Readily soluble in 1 M NH 4 OH (50 g · l -1), soluble in DMSO, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol

Attention

1175 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, ip)

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Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor from the class of sulfonamides, which can reduce the eyes, brain, and blood pressure. It leads to increased excretion of potassium in the urine, so that long-term use should be taken on an increased supply of potassium in the diet.

Clinical information

Areas of application (indications )

Is applied acetazolamide especially at elevated eye pressure ( glaucoma or " glaucoma " ) or edema of different origin (among pseudotumor cerebri or cystoid macular edema ). Furthermore, acetazolamide, for treatment of respiratory insufficiency with respiratory alkalosis, are used by pancreatitis or pancreatic fistulas as well as in epilepsy, Ménière's disease.

It is also approved for the prophylactic treatment of altitude sickness. It acts by increasing the ventilation of the lungs in breathing - like the carried genetic among Tibetans - whereby the breathing but is also ineffective.

Acetazolamide also alleviates symptoms of certain forms of myotonia congenita. However, approval of this application does not exist.

As part of the Hirnperfusionsszintigrafie acetazolamide is used ( off- label use ) to distinguish areas with normal reserve capacity of such areas whose vessels are already expanded to maximum compensation upstream vasoconstriction.

Side effects

For intravenous administration, vertigo, tinnitus, paresthesias occur around the mouth, nausea, and hypotension. The symptoms are usually mild and subside on its own again.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications are allergy to sulfa drugs and the subacute stage of stroke. As a relative contraindications migraine, renal failure and hepatic insufficiency apply.