Adad-nirari I.

Adad - nirari I. ( Adad - nārārī I. ), son of Arik -den- ili was a mittelassyrischer king of the 5th Dynasty. After the Assyrian king list he reigned 32 years. From his reign relatively large number of inscriptions have survived. It is variously estimated:

Adad - nārārī was the great - grandson of Ashur uballit I. After Ḫorsabad list and the SDAS List, he was the brother of his predecessor Arik -den- ili, which Poebel but keeps a mistake in the Nassouhi list he his son.

Title

Adad - nārārī called "Holy Emperor ", Chief Justice, the gods agreeable, governor of the gods, exalted priest of the god Enlil, ruler, the To, Ashur, Šamaš, Adad and Išate throw all rulers feet, enhancer of borders, Viceroy of Ashur. For the first time in the royal titulary a militaristic train can be seen, which replaces the emphasis on the favor of the gods under the previous kings, or at least push back. Even if he makes mention of his ancestors as Enlil and his great-grandfather nārāri Ashur uballit I., whose military successes are placed in the foreground. On a stele of Ashur called Adad - nārārī himself king of the world circle, mighty king, king of Assyria.

Rule

Adad - nārārī boasts of victories over the Kassites, Qutu, Lullumu, Subartu, Taidu, Suru, Kohath, Amasaku, Nabula, Waššukanni, the countries between Rapiqu and Eluhat over Carchemish and Turukku, Katmuhi and its allies.

He also defeated the " hordes " of nomadic Ahlamu, the Sutu, who had already made ​​himself unpopular among Ashur uballit I. by the interruption of diplomatic relations with Egypt, and the Jauru.

Adad - nārārī made ​​Hanigalbat temporarily to an Assyrian vassal state. He succeeded Šattuara to bring the king captured by Hanilgabat after Ashur, he was released on a promise annual tribute. After the death of his son Šattuaras Wašašatta was Hittite vassal. The Hittites were Wašašatta but not to help, attack as Adad - nārārī. He claims to have taken the royal capital Taidu and the cities Amasaku, Kohath, Suru, Nabula, hurray, Šuduhu and Waššukanni and to have brought the royal treasury by Ashur. Taidu was burned and sprinkled with salt (literally, " with kudimmus sown " ), and also destroys Irridi. In Irridu a woman of Wašašatta were taken his sons and daughters, into captivity and brought to Ashur. However Wašašatta itself could not be captured. He had perhaps set in Turiru, east or north of Carchemish, where he both Hethither ( KBO I 14 ) and Assyrians attacked. Adad - nārārīs territory now extended from the mountain Kašiari ( Tur Abdin ) and the city Sudu, the fortress of Carchemish on the Euphrates as far as Ḫarranu, whence he had a view to the Amanus. Guterbock considers it unlikely that Adad - nārārī enthusiastic about the beauty of the view and considers this formulation for the threat of an attack on Hittite territory. Adad - nārārī moved the inhabitants of Hanigalbat approach to forced labor. It is difficult to assess how comprehensive the overthrow of Hanilgabat really was. Tūrira remained independent, and Shalmaneser fought back against a coalition of Mitanni under Šatuara II, the Aḫlamu nomads and the Hethithern. After Hittite texts Mitanni persisted, although many authors consider this a " political fiction ".

Adad - nārārī also fought with the Babylonian Kassites under their king Nazi Maruttaš he east of the Tigris River and south of the Little Zab defeated in Kar - Ishtar of Akarsallu / Urgār - Sallu. He captured his standard and his camp. The process, though probably not the corresponding output seems to have been mentioned in the Chronicle P, unfortunately it is at this point very poorly preserved. Adad - nārārī signed a contract with the Babylonian ruler Nazi Maruttaš or Kadašman - Turgu, which has only survived in fragments. He describes the new border, which ran from the eastern bank of the Tigris Pilasqi by Arman of Akarsallu up in the mountains of the western Zagros Lullube. On the Euphrates Rapiqu was the most north-westerly Babylonian garrison.

International Relations

From the time of Adad - nārārī correspondence with the Hittite kings is delivered. Adad - nārārī had apparently the Hittite king Urḫi - Teššup informed of his success in Ḫanilgabat and called himself the Great King and brother of the king of Hatti. The Great King had this term in a draft letter ( KUB XXIII 102) reject sharp. " Cares for one of those who are not friends, one to write the other of brotherhood? ... You and I, we are born as from a mother? ". The United Kingdom recalls that his father and grandfather have Aššur not considered equal ( line 17). He concludes by saying " Listen to me to write of brotherhood, and that you are a great king. It is not [ my ] will!

However, seems to be one of the predecessor Urḫi - Teššups, maybe Muwatallis. To have Adad - nārārī sent on the occasion of his accession Gifts ( KBO I 14, RS 5). Hattusili III. refers to this king here than his father or brother ( a-bi/a-ḫi ), a term he never used his nephew Urḫi - Teššsup. Another letter received without sender and addressee ( KBO I 14 ) mentions " sorrow ", has attacked the envoy of the letter Partners under Urḫi - Teššup. Harrak and Hagenbuchner suspect Adad - nārārī as a receiver. This would suggest that Urḫi - Teššup had fixed messengers of the Assyrian king, so continue was not interested in friendly relations with Ashur.

Adad - nārārī failed also, the usurper Hattusili III. occasion of his accession to send gifts. The Great King lets us know that it was the custom among kings, at the accession of appropriate gifts ( šulmānātu damqātu ) to send, such as royal robes and fine oil of anointing him. The letter suggests that Hattusili III. , Presumably is ready due to its precarious position to recognize Assyrians as an equal King and join with him in exchange, if this adheres to the diplomatic usage ( Parsu ) and his benevolence with generous gifts bought.

Adad - nārārī reigned simultaneously with Ramses II, this synchronism is an important pillar of mittelbabylonischen chronology. Rowson places his death between the 23rd and 37th year of Ramses.

Buildings

Built In Ashur, Adad - nārārī the Stufentor of the foundations of new and equipped it with limestone slabs from UBASE. He also built a bank reinforcement on the Tigris from the Wa - šarru Gate to the Tigris - gate in the lower town and reinforced it with burnt brick and limestone slabs. He seems also built another bank stabilization ( Grayson 436 ), as well as a renewal of a portion of the attachment of the inner city, opposite the ziggurat of Assur and the warehouses at the port of An and Adad. Even the temple of Ishtar, which declined to Ilu - šuma, he built up again.

According to an inscription from Assur he built in the ruins of a palace Taidu and endowed him with stelae. However, it is not certain whether the work described ever took place. The corresponding inscription ignored described in another inscription systematic destruction of the city.

Eponyms

  • Adad - nārārī
  • Agi - Teššub
  • Ana - Ashur qala
  • Ashur dammeq, son of urad ilani
  • Ashur Eris, son of abattu
  • Ili tarissina
  • Itti - ili- ašamšu
  • Kurbanu
  • Ninurta emuqaja
  • Ša -Adad - nenu
  • Šulmanu - qarrad
Zamua Shalmaneser I Enlil-nirari Tukulti-Ninurta I. Mutakkil-Nusku Eriba-Adad II.
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