Al-Mu'tasim
. Mutasim Al- llah Abu Ishaq bi- Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (Arabic المعتصم بالله أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد, al -Mu ʿ DMG tasim bi- ' llāh Abū Muḥammad b Haaroon Ishaq al-Rashid; * 794, † 5 January. 842 ) was from 833 until his death, the eighth Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty.
Al- Mu'tasim was the third son of Harun al-Rashid and a Turkish harem slave. Even as al- Ma'mun designated successor, he participated in the suppression of uprisings in Egypt and in the campaign against Byzantium ( 830-832 ). After the death of al - Ma'mun al - Mu'tasim took over the 833 rule.
The government al - Mu'tasims is mainly characterized in that he strove to limit the Iranian influence in the army and administration. Especially in the army he was successful due to the increased recruitment of Turkish military slaves ( Mamluk ).
He was geared more soldierly. Under him the Fitna went on, as he said that his brother al - Ma'mun, whom he greatly respected, have made the right decision. Ahmad ibn Hanbal He was whipped so hard that it was shortly before dying. Since he was advised to cancel the punishment, otherwise due Ahmad an armed popular uprising was feared. On the other hand, he was also very noble, as he rushed to the army for the liberation of a Muslim woman who had been kidnapped by the Byzantines and the Caliph with the become known in Islamic history words " O Mu'tasim (Arabic yā Mu ʿ taşıma ) " called for help. Ahmad ibn Hanbal counted it to him which took place in the train of this rescue operation conquest of the region Umairiyya for Islam to very high.
Al- Mu'tasim founded Samarra 836 with a new residence to prevent the tensions between the Baghdad population and the Turkish troops. However, his successor should come by the transfer of residence to depend increasingly on the Turkish troops. The elimination of the Iranians was reinforced when 837 an Iranian conspiracy under al - Abbas, a son of al - Ma'mun, had to be put down. The city of Samarra was to play an important role after his death.
Otherwise, the Mamluk troops proven first in the pacification of the empire. So the rebellion of Babak in Azerbaijan ( 837 ) as well as other revolts in Tabaristan (840 ) and in southern Iraq ( 834-835 ) could be defeated. Al- Mutasim regarded as the last Caliph, who exercised his absolute power and personally. After his death his sons boarded al - Wathiq ( 842-847 ) and al - Mutawakkil ( 847-861 ) to the throne.
- Caliph ( Abbasid )
- Born 794
- Died 842
- Man