Amanita pantherina var. pantherina
Panther mushroom ( Amanita pantherina )
The panther mushroom ( Amanita pantherina ) is a species of fungus in the family Wulstlingsverwandten ( Amanitaceae ). The fruiting bodies of the fungus Panther show typical Wulstlingsmerkmale: Brown, studded with white flakes hats, ringed white stems with thickened " bulb " at the bottom and bright, close the slats. Panther mushrooms are Mykorrhizapartner of deciduous and coniferous trees and come in a variety of forest types. The fruiting bodies appear from June to November. The Panther fungus is widespread Holarctic.
The panther mushroom is poisonous to humans. The fruiting bodies contain, among other things, ibotenic acid, muscimol and bufotenine.
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
- 4.3 External links
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The nominate the Panther fungus is characterized by fruiting body with outstretched, flat brown hats and slender white stems. The hats are 4-10 cm wide and have a greasy in wet weather, dry weather matt shiny hat skin. Typical are the white flakes that represent the remains of the velum and are arranged concentrically around the Hutmitte. When it rains, they are easily washed off, so older specimens usually show a thinned flake pattern. The epidermis of the hat is removable, its color varies from dark brown to brownish white, the edge is clearly serrated. In young fruit bodies of the hat has a spherical shape, but spreads at the age flat out. The gills are white, soft and close together.
The stem of the mushroom Panther is 6-12 cm high and has a diameter of 0.5-2 cm. He is white, flaky and tender inside fibrous, hollow in old specimens. Characteristic is the bulb at the stem base, which includes the eponymous for the genus beads. In one or more belt zones are indistinct, and a cuff that sits in the middle or higher on the stem. In young fruit bodies it is usually from, but flabby in old age and eventually is up to. The white flesh is fragile. It smells a bit like radish, but tastes slightly sweet.
Microscopic characteristics
Like all Wulstlingsverwandten has the Pantherpilz a monomitische Trama from exclusively generative, thin-walled hyphae. The basidia are viersporig, the spores themselves are inamyloid.
Artabgrenzung
The panther mushroom can be confused with the Grey Amanita (A. spissa ). Also confusion with the often collected and valued as an edible mushroom Perlpilz (A. rubescens ) is possible. The Panther fungus is similar to the ordinary fly agaric (A. muscarina ), whose hat but usually has a red color. The King Toadstool (A. regalis ), however, he sees confusingly similar.
Toxicity
As the fly - as well as the panther mushroom was used by the Siberian peoples for initiation rites. The toxic ibotenic acid in the fungus is converted during drying in muscimol, which is not so toxic, but should be very effective. The lethal amount of poison is contained in more than 100 grams of fresh mushroom.
Occur one to two hours after ingestion of the fungus and the associated poisoning nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, the skin reddens and the pupils dilate. Then a transition to excitation and noise conditions is noticeable, seizures and confusion may also occur. Depending on the amount ingested fungus can occur from respiratory paralysis rarely coma or death.
For the treatment of the stomach is empty, if the consumption is not too long ago. Of binding of the toxins active carbon is administered and the intestine is emptied by the administration of laxatives, to carry the mushroom remains in the intestine and to prevent the absorption of even more toxic. Against the cramps antispasmodic, sedative against the agitation means are given (for example, benzodiazepines). To stimulate the kidneys and the blood to " flush ", an infusion can be created with isotonic saline.
6.6 % of all mushroom poisonings are caused by Pantherpilz. The mortality rate is one to two percent.