Amberboa
Fragrant Bisamblume ( Amberboa moschata)
The Bisamblumen ( Amberboa ) form a small genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The botanical genus name is derived from a generic name but from the pre-Linnean: Amberboi Vaillant, he is quoted by Carl Linnaeus in his original publication of the genus Centaurea.
Description
Amberboa species are one or two perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 20 to 70 inches depending on the type. Unlike many genera of the tribe Cynareae they are not thorny. The upright stems are branched mostly from near the base. The alternate, basal and distributed along the stems arranged leaves are petiolate or sessile; the top are smaller. The leaf margins are entire, toothed or lobed. The leaf surfaces are tomentose hairy and dotted tiny glandular.
The bloom conditions are individually and terminally. The inflorescence stems are slender. The egg-shaped basket shell has a diameter of 12 to 16 millimeters. In some rows arranged like roof tiles are the bracts that have a trockenhäutigen, brown edge and the inner with tips trockenhäutige, brown and have full leaves or spiny appendages. The basket bottom is flat. The chaff leaves are flattened - bristle-like scales. The flower heads contain many flowers with pink to purple or white to yellow petals. As with all Carduoideae, in contrast to the other sub- families exist only florets. The rand union tubular flowers are ungeschlechtig, sterile, zygomorphic and enlarged and end with five corolla lobes. The inner tubular flowers are fertile and radial symmetry. The anthers are truant and have appendages.
The compressed achenes and have ribbed surfaces and ascending, long hair. The constant pappus consists of a few rows of many non- intergrown, narrow shed, he rarely missing.
Systematics and distribution
The original area of distribution extends from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
The genus belongs to the subtribe Amberboa Centaureinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). Amberboa is related to Centaurea in the narrow sense no closer than all other genera within the Centaureinae; it forms in the pedigrees of a sister group to the remaining Centaureinae.
The genus name was published in 1719, ie before the publication of Linnaeus' Species Plantarum in 1753, is the starting point of the valid botanical nomenclature of Sébastien Vaillant Amberboi and then appeared posthumously in 1754 in a German translation of the French original. Greuter, Agababian and Wagenitz (2005) came to the conclusion that it would be more advantageous to accept this translation as nomenclatural valid. Therefore Amberboa Vaill. , Is a conserved at a later date orthographic form, indicated in new Floren as valid and recognized in older works, published in 1832 homonym Amberboa ( Pers.) Less. discarded.
In Amberboa only a basic chromosome number of x = 16 is found in Centaurea contrast of x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 15 Morphologically, the Amberboa differ only slightly from the multiform Centaurea.
Some species are used as ornamental plants and have run wild in some areas.
The genus Amberboa include six to ten species:
- Amberboa amberboi (L.) Tzvelev: History is Central Asia.
- Amberboa bucharica Ilyin
- Amberboa glauca ( Willd.) Grosch. The home ranges of Turkey to the Caucasus.
- Amberboa iljiniana Grossh. Caucasus.
- Fragrant Bisamblume ( Amberboa moschata (L.) DC, Syn. Centaurea moschata L., Centaurea imperialis hort. ): Wild forms are known from Turkey and Armenia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in the 17th century.
- Amberboa nana Ilyin, Origin: Armenia.
- Amberboa odorata DC.
- Amberboa sosnovskyi Ilyin: Caucasus.
- Amberboa turanica Ilyin: Caucasus.
No longer belongs in the genus:
- Centaurea albonitens Turrill ( Syn: Amberboa carthamoides DC. )
- Volutaria crupinoides ( Desf. ) Maire (syn.: Amberboa libyca Alavi )
Swell
- David J. Keil: Amberboa. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, page 172 (English )