Andrea Cesalpino

Andrea Cesalpino ( Andreas Caesalpin ) (* June 6, 1519 in Arezzo, Italy, † February 23, 1603 in Rome; Latinized Caesalpinus ) was an Italian philosopher, botanist and physiologist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Cesalpino ".

Life

Cesalpino studied philosophy, medicine and natural history at the University of Pisa, where he earned his doctorate in 1551. 1555, he was Professor of Medicine and Director of the Botanical Garden of the University. Later, he was personal physician to Pope Clement VIII and professor at the University La Sapienza in Rome, where he worked until his death.

Botanical and medical works

Cesalpino joined in philosophical and medical writings of Aristotle's principles and methods, and investigated the influence of Galen push back. He influenced, among others, the Italian philosopher Lucilio Vanini. He described among other things the anatomy of the heart and in 1583 the small circulation ( in Quaestionum medicarum libri II 1598, 1604).

The basis for his scientific studies philosophy. Consequently, he went out in his botanical research on the individual descriptions of plants and examined the General from the individual to find out what is important from the sensibly given. He aspired to a classification of the plant due to natural conditions and passed through Aristotelian philosophical deductions to the conclusion that only the organs of fructification are suitable for the construction of a natural system. So he came to most unnatural groups.

Philosophical works

His most important philosophical work is Quaestionum peripateticarum libri V (Florence, 1569 ). Cesalpino shows itself as an independent student of Aristotle. Also influence of Averroes are recognizable. The Protestant Aristotle critics Nicolaus Taurellus turned in several writings against Cesalpino, for example in the work Alpes caesae (Frankfurt, 1597). Some 70 years later, the positions Cesalpinos were again criticized when the Anglican clergyman Samuel Parker brought out his book Disputationes de Deo et providentia divina (London, 1678).

Taxonomic ceremony

Charles Plumier named in his honor the genus Caesalpinia of the plant family Caesalpiniaceae. Linnaeus later took the name.

Works

  • Quaestionum Peripateticarum Libri V. Venice, 1571
  • Daemonum investigatio Peripatetica in qua explicatur locus Hippocratis in Progn. Si quid divinum in morbis habetur. Florence, 1580
  • De plantis libri XVI. Florence, Rome, 1580-1603
  • De metallicis libri III. Rome, 1596
  • Artis Medicae. Rome, 1601
  • Appendix ad libros de plantis et quaestiones peripateticas. Rome, 1603

Swell

  • Meyers encyclopedia 1888-1889
  • Ilse Jahn: history of biology. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-827-41023-1.
  • Karl Mägdefrau: History of botany. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-437-20489-0.
Physiology Samuel Parker (bishop of Oxford) Caesalpinioideae International Plant Names Index Catholic Encyclopedia Integrated Authority File
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