Apuseni Natural Park

The Apuseni Nature Park (also Natural Park Apuseni Mountains, Romanian Parcul Natural Apuseni ) is a protected area of ​​IUCN category V protected landscape in Apuseni Mountains, in western Romania. The nature reserve extends over an area of ​​75 784 hectares in the districts of Bihor, Cluj and Alba.

Description

The Apuseni Nature Park was established on January 27, 1990 and 2000 declared a nature reserve. On 8 October 2009 he was awarded by the European Commission in Brussels, the price of European Destinations of Excellence ( EDEN ) for tourism and protected area.

The Apuseni Nature Park is located in the central-eastern part of the Romanian Western Carpathians. Characteristic of the Romanian Western Carpathians is the diversity of karst landscape: deep gorges and high ridges of limestone caves and bizarre rock formations, springs and rivers that wind their way through the limestone. The highest peak is 1848 meters high Curcubata Mare.

The Apuseni Nature Park is divided into several nature reserves of floristic, faunistic, scenic, speleological or geological significance:

Scărişoara Cave, Coiba Mare cave, ice cave Vârtop Hoanca Urzicarului, Coteţul - Dobreştilor, Mătişeşti source Tăuzului source.

Avenul Borţigului, Valea Ponorului, Fâneaţa Izvoarelor Crisul Pietro, Groapa de la Bârsa, Groapa Ruginoasa, Cetatea - Rădesei Cave, Pietrele Boghii, Pietrele Galbenei, Poiana Florilor, PADI's Summit, Sighiştelului Valley, Galbenei Valley, Lumea Pierdută, ice cave Focul Viu, Micula cave, cIUR - Izbuc cave, Dragon cave Onceasa, Săritoarea Bohodeiului, Deer cave, summit Biserica Motului, Cârligaţi summit.

Molhaşul Mare de la Izbuc

Fauna

The fauna of the Natural Park Apuseni is represented by mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians, some of which are on the Red List of Threatened Species.

Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus ), chamois (Rupicapra Rupicapra ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus), Brown Bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Pied red fox (Vulpes vulpes crucigera ), lynx (Lynx ), wild cat (Felis silvestris ), pine marten (Martes martes ), otter ( Lutra lutra ), squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris ), European polecat (Mustela putorius ), ermine (Mustela erminea ), Brown -breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus ), European Mole ( Talpa europaea), alpine shrew ( Sorex alpinus ), shrew ( Sorex araneus ), water shrew ( Neomys fodiens ), dormice ( Glis glis ), vole ( Microtus arvalis ), Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus ), Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii ), common pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ), Greater Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ), brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus );

Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos ), hazel grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ), Spotted Eagles (Aquila pomarina ), Raven (Corvus corax), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus ), Blackbird ( Turdus merula), dippers ( Cinclus cinclus ), black woodpecker ( Dryocopus martius ), three-toed woodpecker ( Picoides tridactylus ), red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus ), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula ), Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus ), Goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ), Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus).

Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), rainbow trout ( Salmo gairderi and S. irideus ), brown trout ( Truite fario ), roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), loach ( Cobitis taenia ), nose ( Chondrostoma nasus ), grayling ( Thymallus thymallus ), chub ( Squalius cephalus ), minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus ), barbel ( Barbus barbus );

Wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis ), viviparous lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ), adder (Vipera berus ), slow-worm ( Anguis fragilis ), Aesculapian (Elaphe longissima ), smooth snake ( Coronella austriaca ), Fire Salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ).

Flora

The flora of the Apuseni Nature Park is represented by:

White Fir ( Abies alba), common spruce (Picea abies) larch ( Larix), pine (Pinus ), yew (Taxus baccata ), European larch (Larix decidua), Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra).

European beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Quercus petraea ), ash (Fraxinus ), Linden (Tilia ), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus ), field maple (Acer campestre ), hanging birch (Betula pendula), elm (Ulmus glabra), Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), wild cherry ( Cerasus avium), walnut ( Juglans regia), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia ), aspen (Populus tremula ), willow ( Salix), Goat Willow (Salix caprea ), black alder ( Alnus glutinosa).

Mountain Pine ( Pinus mugo ), cornel (Cornus mas ), common hazel (Corylus avellana ), blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus ), raspberry (Rubus idaeus ), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris).

Yellow Lady's Slipper ( Cypripedium calceolus ), alpine bellflower ( Campanula alpina), fen orchid ( Liparis loeselii ), lice herbs ( Pedicularis comosa ), Knapweed (Centaurea kotschyana ), carnations (Dianthus tenuifolius ), Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia ), Steppe fennel ( Seseli rigidum ), Clusius gentian (Gentiana clusii ), military orchid (Orchis militaris ), drug - angelica (Angelica archangelica ), liverwort ( Hepatica transsilvanica ), Dotted Loosestrife ( Lysimachia punctata), marsh helleborine ( Epipactis palustris), Ruprechtskraut (Geranium robertianum ), orange hawkweed ( Hieracum aurantiacum ), fountain liverwort ( Marchantia polymorpha ), Fritillaria ( Fritillaria montana), onion Toothwort ( Dentaria bulbifera ), hogweed ( Heracleum palmatum ), Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens ), mountain kidney vetch ( Anthyllis montana), wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Daffodil Anemone (Anemone narcissiflora ), gladiolus ( Gladiolus imbricatus ).