Arthur Samuel

Arthur Lee Samuel ( born December 5, 1901 in Emporia, Kansas, † July 29, 1990 in Stanford, California ) was an American electrical engineer and computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.

Life

Samuel studied at Emporia College and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a master's degree in 1926, where he then spent two years as instructor. From 1928 he worked at Bell Laboratories, where he mainly worked on vacuum tubes, in World War II primarily for the development of radar. He invented a special tube that allowed an antenna between the receiver and transmitter function as a switch (TR tube, T for transmit, R for receive). After the Second World War, he went in 1946 as a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, where he was involved in the ILLIAC project of a series of early mainframes. But he went before the completion of the first Illiac computer 1949 IBM Poughkeepsie. There he developed some of the first hash table, demonstrated the capabilities of the IBM 701 ( the first commercial electronic computer IBM ) with a lady program ( Checkers variant), was involved in the development of Williams tubes as memory for computers and was involved in the early research on the use of transistors in computers at IBM involved. From 1966 ( when he retired at IBM ), he was a professor at Stanford University. There he worked with Donald Knuth at the TeX software systems. At Stanford, he taught until 1982 and programmed on to a ripe old age of 86 years. He died from the effects of Parkinson 's disease.

His lady program at IBM (1956 ) used alpha-beta search and was able to learn, especially in his later versions - Samuel working on it until the 1970s, and developed different techniques of machine learning. It was one of the first applications of artificial intelligence and attracted much attention at the time. It was also one of the first non-numerical applications of computers and Samuel's call for logical operations in the instruction set was taken in the hardware development at IBM and beyond.

When Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman 1961, their anthology on Artificial Intelligence Computers and Thought presented together, they asked Samuel to a post on his game program for Checkers and asked him annexed the best game of the program play. Samuel took this as an opportunity to challenge national champion Connecticut ( No. 4 in the U.S. ranking). The program won and the game was printed in the book.

Later, he also worked in speech recognition.

In 1987 he received the Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE. In 1946 he was made an honorary Doctor of Emporia College. He was a Fellow of the IEEE, the American Physical Society, the IRE ( Institute of Radio Engineers ), American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Association for Computing Machinery.

He was editor of the IBM Journal of Research and Development and also played a major role in the scientific management at IBM, for example in the establishment of the European laboratories ( with the most significant near Zurich ).

Publications

  • AI, Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going; IJCAI 1983
  • The Banishment of Paper -Work; AI Magazine 4
  • Symposium on Pattern Recognition; IFIP Congress 1962
  • Programming Computers to Play Games; Advances in Computers 1, 1960
  • Artificial intelligence - a frontier of automation; 1962
Poughkeepsie, New York Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Integrated Authority File
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