Ayaz Ä°shaki
Ayaz Ishaki (* 1878 in Yevshirma near Kazan, † July 22, 1954 in Istanbul ) was a Tatar publicist, agitator and large Turkish nationalist.
Youth and Education
Was born the son of a mullah 1878. He received his education in the madrasas of Chistopol and Kazan. From 1898, he was enrolled at the local teacher training college. His political ideas until the revolution in 1905 he was awarded by the SRs, a more likely terrorist group of intellectuals.
1905-17 Social Revolutionary agitation
The first all-Russian Muslim Congress in Nizhny Novgorod in 1905 he participated as a leader of the radical Tatar nationalists. He attacked violently liberalism and the Ittifak movement, which was at the time under the leadership of Ibrahim Abdürreşid. He was only willing to tolerate the Ittifak as a cultural institution.
Because of his opposition to the Tsarist regime, he spent several years in prison and in exile in the provinces of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. After his return he founded in St. Petersburg in 1913, the newspaper IL, which then appeared intermittently from 1914 to 1918 in Moscow. It was closed after the Great Proletarian October Revolution. Ishaki was otherwise active as a journalist and playwright, until 1918, he published 29 works.
Over time he had removed from his left-wing ideas and became nationalists. At the " 1st Congress of all Muslims of Russia " in May 1917 in Moscow, he was elected to the Executive Committee.
Anti-Soviet agitation
The second All-Russian Muslim Congress in Ufa wanted to send him as a delegate to the Versailles Peace Conference. As Tartary was freed, he fled via Samara, Ufa and Kizil- Yar. He left Russia in 1919 and came to Japan to exile in Paris.
From there he began nationalist agitation for the Turk - Tatars in the Soviet Union to operate, which he understood as being oppressed. In Berlin he founded in 1923 the Turan Society, whose position also Abdürreşid İbrahim approached.
At Ishaki fared from Turkey, 1925, the invitation to publish the magazine Turk Yurdu. This sheet was of great Turkish positions on the Turkic peoples in the Caucasus and Central Asia. At that time he took part in the Turkish nationality. However, a certain pressure on Turkey has been exercised by the Soviet government, so he moved his activities to Europe again. The mouthpiece of the " Committee for the Independence of İdil - Ural" appeared under his leadership in 1928 in Berlin under the title Mili Yol ( The national road ).
Its held in Arabic speech at the 3rd Muslim Congress in Jerusalem in 1931 showed strong nationalist and anti-Soviet moves. From 1933 he was organizationally operate under the Tatar emigrants in Japan and Manchukuo. It came to a clash with the group of a further working there nationalists Kurban Ali - but this was promoted by the ultra-nationalist Kokuryukai - because it cooperated with " white Russians ".
Living in Japan with the Tatars he sought, founded on 23 February 1934 " Cultural Committee of the Tartars of the İdil - Ural" to organize under his leadership. He traveled on the mainland and arrived in Harbin on August 22, 1934 at. In Mukden Ishaki then started the weekly paper Mili Bayrak, which was printed in Arabic script. The Japanese authorities had from the beginning of 1936 the fear he was a Soviet agent.
Later in the year you can find him again in Europe, where he again supports the Turk - Tatars in Germany and financed by the Pilsudski government Prometheus movement in Poland. After the conclusion of the nonaggression pact in 1939, the anti-Soviet agitation was suppressed by the occupying power in Poland. He then fled in 1940 via London to Turkey, where he continued to operated in large -Turkish meaning in the context of the restrictive conditions of İnönü regime.
Immediately after the war petitioned ( August 27, 1945 ) he the British government to help evacuate the remaining Tatars in Northwest China. In fact, most left after the liberation of China, with the support of the Red Cross the country in the direction of Turkey and Australia.
He died on 22 July 1954 in Istanbul, where he is also buried.