Aydın
Template: Infobox city in Turkey / Maintenance / County
Aydın has approximately 190,000 inhabitants, is the county seat of a Turkish district and the capital of the province of Aydın on the Aegean coast. It is located 80 kilometers by road from the sea in the broad valley of the Great Meander ( Büyük Menderes türk ).
The Great Meander is the main river in the west of Asia Minor. South of the city opens the about 5 km wide valley of Cine, where a railway line to Muğla runs. In the north, near the Aydın Mountains rise with peaks up to 1800 meters.
Is Aydın by the European route E 87 (O -31) connected to İzmir on the Aegean coast. A tunnel runs through the Aydın Mountains. Upstream, it continues over Denizli to Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. To the south, the road branches off to the Aegean and Mediterranean coast.
Settlements
In addition to the county town are in the county's five municipalities Çeştepe, Dalaman, Ovaeymir, Tepecik, Umurlu and 55 villages Alanlı, Alatepe, Ambarcık, Armutlu, Aşağıkayacık, Bademli Balıkköy, Baltaköy, Böcekköy, Çayyüzü, Çiftlikköy Dağeymiri, Danişment, Dereköy, Doğan, Eğrikavak, Emirdoğan, Gödrenli, Gölcük Gölhisar, Gözpınar, Horozköy, Işıklı, İlyasdere, İmamköy, Kadıköy, Kalfaköy, Karahayıt, Karaköy, Kardeşköy, Kenker, Kırıklar, Kızılca, Kocagür, Konuklu, Kozalaklı, Kuloğullar, Kuyucular, Kuyulu, Mesutlu, Musluca, Ortaköy, Pınardere, Savrandere, Serçeköy, Sıralılar, Şahnalı, Şevketiye, Tepeköy, Terziler, Yağcılar, Yeniköy, Yılmazköy, Yukarıkayacık, Zeytinköy.
On the northern outskirts of the ruins of the ancient city of Aydın Aydın can be visited.
History
According to Strabo Tralles was founded by the Thracians, but the city fell to the Achaemenid Empire, after the Greek cities had rebelled in vain. Sparta tried unsuccessfully to conquer the city, the 334 submitted to Alexander the Great.
Alexander's commander Antigonus I Monophthalmos held the city 313-301 BC By 190 it was under the Seleucids, then they went to Pergamum. From 133-129 it supported Aristonicus against Rome.
129 BC, the city fell to the whole west of Asia Minor final in Rome. Tralles was 27 BC hit hard by an earthquake. Augustus supported the city rebuild, after which the local notables renamed the city Caesarea, a name that was wearing the city for some time. The city was known in antiquity mainly for its pottery.
The letters of Ignatius occupy a Christian community for the 1st century. At the latest by 105 Polybius was a bishop of Tralles ( IgnTrall 3.3 ), the region was finally Christianized during the 3rd and early 4th century. As bishops appear Heracleon (431 ), Maximus (451 ), Uranius (553), Myron ( 692 ), Theophylact, ( 787), Theophanes and Theopistus (both 9th century ), and John (1230 ). An inscription, in a synagogue.
After the battle of Manzikert, the Seljuk Turks conquered after 1071 Tralles for the first time, but succeeded the Byzantines under Emperor Alexios I Komnenos the reconquest. But the decline was unstoppable, as Byzantium lost after 1265 large areas in the eastern border region, especially the upper reaches of the Maeander and thus the economically central part of the fertile valley. 1278 Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos build the city again and they should be named Andronikopolis or Palaiologopolis. The megas domestikos Michael Tarchaneiotes said to have settled there 36,000 residents of the surrounding areas.
But already in 1284 succeeded the Beylik of Menteşe to conquer the city. About 20,000 inhabitants were sold as slaves. The Turks named the city in Güzelhisar ( beautiful castle ). The Beylik of Aydın, which was created in 1308, dominated the western Turkey to Izmir. They were followed by the Ottomans. The Ottomans surrendered in a large-scale campaign in 1390, the Emirates the west coast of Asia Minor. But they lost in 1402 against Timur at the Battle of Ankara. The winner moved in the fall to Ephesus, to Smyrna destroy in December. After his huge army returned to Ephesus, where they plundered the surrounding areas. In the spring of 1403, she left the area again. After ten years of civil war, the Ottoman Empire stabilized again. 1425 finally the Ottomans conquered the remnants of the emirate and the city of Aydın.
Aydın became part of the Ottoman Empire, but made gradually from Izmir in the shade. In 1827 it became the capital of a separate Eyâlets. There was unrest, such as under Atçalı Kel Mehmet (1829-1830), so that the headquarters of the Eyâlets was moved to Izmir. 1864 Aydın became a sanjak, a kind of sub-province, the provincial capital remained Izmir. 1912 lived in the Sandžak Aydın approximately 220,000 people, of whom 40000-55000 Greeks. The first railway line was started by the British Levant Company between Aydın and Smyrna (now Izmir) in 1856.
During the Battle of Aydın between 27 June and 4 July 1919, the 3,500 members (1917 ) of the Jewish community were spared. In the mountains be held Turkish resistance groups. It was only on September 7, 1922 the Turkish army conquered back the heavily damaged city. 1923, the Greeks were forced to leave the country, much like the Turks in Greece. The Greek army had set a fire before their departure. It remained intact from 8000 only three houses.
Until the early 1920s, about 3,000 Jews lived in Aydın. You had during the expulsion of the Greeks flee and were not allowed to return it. Their property was confiscated as " checked good."
Famous people
- Anthemius of Tralles, late antique mathematician, scholar and architect
- Ahmet Dursun, football player
- Gökhan Kirdar, musicians
- Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey
- Nelly, Photographer
- Marie -Louise Ruedin, nun, rescued in 1919 about 6,000 residents' lives
- İlhan Selçuk, journalist and author
- Dido Sotiriou, writer
- Murat Uyurkulak, writer and journalist
- Dario Moreno, actor, singer