Bambusoideae
Bamboo in the park of Richelieu in France
The bamboo plants ( Bambusoideae ) or bamboo ( in the broad sense ) are a diverse subfamily of the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). It contains about 80 to 90 species having about 1000 to 1500 types.
There are two basic types of bamboo plants that correspond to the taxonomic classification into two tribes:
- Tribus bamboo ( Bambuseae ): Tree-like growing woody taxa with slender, woody, often branched, often several meters long stalks, airy, delicate leafy crowns, grass -like leaves and sometimes huge flower spikes. This tribe comprises about 1447 species.
- Form taxa like "normal" grasses grow clumps and not woody, this bamboo species are rarely higher than a meter, which includes about 130 species: Tribe Olyreae.
- 3.1 Literature
- 3.2 See also
- 3.3 External links
Dissemination
The bamboo plants are native to every continent except Europe and Antarctica. The 130 species of Olyreae mainly come from South America. About 500 species of Bambuseae are located in China and another 100 mostly small species in Japan, the tall bamboo species in Japan seem to be imported from China. A large number of other species comes from ( North and South ) America, only 130 species growing in the Andes of South America. From Africa 17 species from Australia for another three.
System
The subfamily Bambusoideae is divided into two tribes: Bambuseae and Olyreae.
Tribus Olyreae
Non -woody bamboo species with 21 genera.
- Agnesia Zuloaga & judz.
- Arber Ella Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón
- Buergersiochloa Pilg.
- Cryptochloa Swallen
- Diandrolyra Stapf
- Ekmanochloa Hitchc.
- Eremitis Doell
- Froesiochloa G.A.Black
- Lithachne P.Beauv.
- Maclurolyra C.E.Calderón & Soderstr.
- Mniochloa Chase
- Olyra L.
- Pariana Aubl.
- Parodiolyra Soderstr. & Zuloaga
- Piresia Swallen
- Piresiella judz. et al.
- Raddia Bertol.
- Raddiella Swallen
- Rehia Fijten
- Reitzia Swallen
- Sucrea Soderstr.
Tribus Bambuseae
Woody bamboo species, broken down by Clayton & Renvoize 1986, Soderstrom & Ellis, 1987, Dransfield & Widjaja 1995, Li 1998, or Ohrnberger 1999 in nine subtribe with about 62-77 species. The subtribe is Bambusinae by molecular genetic studies monophyletic ( Sungkaew 2008/2009 ) and thus a new structure is needed, are necessary for this further investigation.
- Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae: With about 13 species in the New World: Actinocladum
- Alvimia
- Apoclada
- Arthrostylidium
- Athroostachys
- Atractantha
- Aulonemia ( Matudacalamus )
- Colanthelia
- Elytrostachys
- Glaziophyton
- Merostachys
- Myriocladus
- Rhipidocladum
- Subtribe Arundinariinae: With about 12 to 20 species in Asia, one also reaches down to the southeast North America: Acidosasa C.D.Chu & C.S.Chao ex Keng f
- Ampelocalamus S.L.Chen et al.
- Arundinaria Michx. With about eight species in southwestern China ( five species), the eastern Himalayas, Vietnam, and in the southeastern United States ( Arundinaria gigantea (Walter ) Muhl. ).
- Chimonocalamus JRXue & TPYi: With approximately eleven species in the eastern Himalayas, Myanmar and in southern Yunnan ( nine species, of which eight only there).
- Drepanostachyum Keng f: With about ten species in the subtropical Himalayas.
- Fargesia Franch. ( Syn: Borinda Stapleton, Sinarundinaria Nakai ): With about 90 species in China ( at least 78 ), Vietnam, and the eastern Himalayas.
- Ferrocalamus Hsueh & Keng f: With only two species in China.
- Gaoligongshania DZLi et al.: The only kind: Gaoligongshania megalothyrsa ( Handel-Mazzetti ) DZLi, Hsueh & NHXia: It is endemic to the evergreen laurel forest, sometimes on trunks of old trees at altitudes from 1600 to 2200 meters in only Gaoligong Shan in northwestern Yunnan.
- Vietnamocalamus catbaensis TQNguyen: It is endemic in Vietnam.
- Subtribe Bambusinae: With six to 25 genera mainly in Asia: Bambusa ( Syn: Dendrocalamopsis ), with 120 species.
- Bonia ( Syn: Monocladus )
- Dendrocalamus ( Syn: Klemachloa, Oreobambos, Oxynanthera, Sinocalamus )
- Dinochloa,
- Gigantochloa,
- Holttumochloa,
- Kinabaluchloa ( Syn: Maclurochloa, Soejatmia )
- Melocalamus,
- Sphaerobambos,
- Thyrsostachys
- Subtribe Chusqueinae: With one or two genus in the Neotropics: Chusquea ( Dendragrostis, Rettbergia )
- Neurolepis ( Planotia )
- Subtribe Guaduinae: With about five species in the Neotropics: Apoclada
- Eremocaulon ( Criciuma )
- Guadua
- Olmeca
- Mourning bamboo ( Otatea )
- Subtribe Melocanninae, syn: Schizostachydinae: With four to nine genera mainly in Asia: Cephalostachyum
- Davidsea
- Leptocanna
- Melocanna ( Beesha )
- Neohouzeaua
- Ochlandra
- Pseudostachyum
- Schizostachyum
- Teinostachyum
- Subtribe Nastinae, Syn: Hickeliinae: With four to seven genera from tropical Africa to Madagascar and Pacific Islands South Asia to: Decaryochloa
- Greslania
- Hickelia
- Hitchcock Ella
- Nastus
- Perrierbambus
- Subtribe Shibataeinae: With seven to eight genera in Asia: Brachystachyum Keng
- Chimonobambusa Makino: With about 37 species in eastern Asia, including 34 in China, 31 of them only there.
- Indosasa McClure
- Phyllostachys: With at least 51 species, of which about 51 in China.
- Qiongzhuea Hsueh et Yi
- Semiarundinaria Makino ex Nakai
- Shibataea Makino ex Nakai
- Sinobambusa Makino ex Nakai: With about ten species in northern Vietnam and southern and southwestern China ( ten species, nine of which only there).
- Temburongia Makino, with only one type: Temburongia simplex S.Dransf. & K.M.Wong
- Subtribe Racemobambodinae: With one to three genera mainly in Asia: Racemobambos ( Neomicrocalamus, Vietnamosasa )