Banu Quda'a

Quda risk ʿ a ( Arabic قضاعة, DMG quda risk ʿ a) was a loose federation ancient Arab tribes, whose origin is unknown. Among the tribes that were the quda risk ʿ a attributed, among the calf, Dschuhaina, Bali, Bahra ʾ, Chaulān, Mahra, Chuschain, Dscharm, ʿ Udhra, Balqain, Tanūch and Salih. Some of these strains belonging to the quda risk ʿ a, however, was controversial. This is also related that separate clans of these tribes had joined other tribes still in pre-Islamic times. Within the quda risk ʿ a is the Dschuhaina and the Bali played a particularly important role.

The Dschuhaina

The territory of Dschuhaina who had close relations with the Aus and Khazraj in Yathrib, was on the caravan route between Mecca and Syria, and included the town of Yanbu and the mountains of Radwa. According to tradition, Ibn al - Kalbi had a man of the Dschuhaina, ʿ Abd al- Dār Ibn Hudaib, planning to build on its own territory, a sanctuary that should make the Kaaba in Mecca competition, but encountered these plans on his people to resistance, so that he soon gave up again. When Mohammed settled in Yathrib, he sought the establishment of peaceful relations with the Dschuhaina. Even before the battle of Badr, when the Muslims began to interfere with the traffic of the caravans of Quraish, it was a collaboration with some members of the tribe, who acted as spies for the Muslims. According to a report in the tradition of scholars at- Tabarani the Dschuhaina were even the first Arab tribe that fought on the side of the Prophet. Many groups of Dschuhaina probably already converted to Islam at this time. The alliance with Muhammad Dschuhaina was completed during a visit by him to her place Dhu al - Marwa; on this occasion he is said to have confirmed the strain in terms of ownership rights with respect to the area around Dhu al - Marwa. At the conquest of Mecca in January 630, the Dschuhaina involved with a contingent of 800 fighters and 50 horsemen. After the death of the Prophet, they remained faithful to Islam. Together with other groups of quda risk ʿ a Dschuhaina took the decisive part in the conquest of Egypt. Some settled in Fustat.

The Bali

The territory of Bali was north of that of Dschuhaina, but lived the early 7th century, some members of the tribe in Yathrib, where they were allied with Aus and Khazraj. Some Bali also lived among the Banū Sulaym and had accepted their pedigree. Shortly after the Battle of Mu ʾ ta in September 629 Muhammad sent a delegation to Bali to secure their loyalty. It was led by ʿ Amr ibn al - ʿ AS, whose mother belonged to myself this strain. In June / July 630, the Bali then sent itself a delegation to Yathrib, where they formally accepted Islam. Noteworthy is a letter from Muhammad to the clan of Banū Chu ʿ ail, in which he recognized this as part of the clan of ʿ Abd Manaf ibn Qusaiy and it allocated the sadaqa - payments other tribes.

The Bali played an important role in the conquest of Egypt, ʿ Amr ibn al - ʿ ås himself fought under the banner of this tribe. They settled mainly in the regions of Akhmim and Asyut, later they were forced by the Fatimid forces in the south. On the Iberian Peninsula, some members of the Bali lived in the area of Cordoba. On the Arabian Peninsula, the Bali played again during the First World War in the confrontation between the sharifs Husain and the Turkish troops a certain role. 1925, most of Bali loyal subjects of Saudi Arabia. A minority of them rejected the Saudi regime and fled to the territory of Transjordan.