Battle of Chaldiran

The Battle of Chaldiran (Persian چالدران, DMG caldiran, Turkish caldiran ) was held on August 23, 1514 near Chaldiran in eastern Anatolia between the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim I and the Safavids of the Persian Empire under Shah Ismail I. instead. It ended with a decisive victory for the Ottomans.

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Sultan Selim came after the battle before the Safawidenhauptstadt Tabriz and conquered them. The Safavids had to move their capital to Qazvin. 1598, the centrally located capital of Isfahan. However, Tabriz could not be maintained in the long term, as Selim I was forced because of the advanced season, cancel the campaign in the inhospitable mountains of present-day Iranian province of West Azerbaijan.

As a result of battle, the Ottoman Empire gained control over eastern Anatolia with major cities such as Diyarbakir and Van. The boundary line after the battle is almost unchanged to this day. The Safavids established for the next 100 years no more serious threat to the Ottomans dar.

With the victory of the Ottomans, the Kurdish feudal lords and local princes changed sides. They returned to the Safavids the back and swore their loyalty to the Ottomans. With the conquest of Eastern Anatolia Sultan Selim I had created a basis for the subsequent conquest of Mamluk Egypt and beyond, gained control over a section of the Silk Road.

With the conquest of Eastern Anatolia many followers Shah Ismail I. fled from Anatolia. The leftover Turkmen tribes came on the defensive, and with them Alevism. Sultan Selim I spread the orthodox Sunni Islam and is still under Alevis not popular. The Safavids turned, however, to the orthodox Shi'ism. With the transfer of the capital to Isfahan, the " Persian element " within the empire against the Turkmen Militäraristrokratie ( Kizilbash ) has been substantially strengthened. The defeat destroyed the faith that Shah Ismail I. was the Mahdi because he was invincible. As Ismail so lost this status under the Kizilbash, broke after his death in 1524 from rivalries between the tribes.