Biological passport
The Biological Passport ( biological passport, inaccurate, often called blood passport) is an individual electronic document in which data are collected from medical checks of an athlete, which serve as the basis for indirect detection methods of doping in sport, especially in cycling.
Method
Using the Biological passport to the classical detection methods prohibited substances or methods to be supplemented. In the biological passport results of urine and blood samples for training and competition controls are merged into a biological profile of the athlete. Values that represent a deviation from the expected profile, though should not provide direct evidence, such as manipulated - which substance, which method - was, however, indirect evidence that has been tampered with.
The haematological and steroid profile in addition give information about the individual normal ranges of the measured parameters ( "individual lower limit " - "individual upper limit "). This allows abnormal deviations are much better recorded than in the conventional method of determining statistically fixed standard ranges and "false negative " or " false positives" are thus excluded in the test evaluation with greater certainty.
Cycling
The basis for the introduction of the biological passport one introduced by the International Cycling Union UCI at the beginning of 2008 in response to the " doping scandal Fuentes " provision, which in the context of doping tests ( Urin-/Bluttests ) additional individual blood and hormone profiles are to be compiled to obtain reliable information regarding illegal performance-enhancing manipulation of the athlete. Participation in the Biological Passport program is a prerequisite for the licensing of a UCI ProTeam cycling teams as UCI Professional Continental team or.
First doping procedures were in 2009 against five cyclists on the basis of the biological passport opened, which also led to the conviction of the driver: Pietro Caucchioli, Ricardo Serrano, the former road world champion Igor Astarloa, Ruben Lobato Elvira and Francesco De Bonis. In 2010 came with Franco Pellizotti, Jesus Rosendo Prado and Tadej Valjavec added three more cases.
Other Sports
A similar program, the International Triathlon Union for professional triathletes, the World IAAF and the ice 's world governing body ISU has introduced. Thus, the doping process with respect to the speed skater Claudia Pechstein was operated on the basis of an indirect detection method. In March 2013, the world tennis federation ITF announced the introduction of the biological passport in the current calendar year.