Calvary (sculpture)
Crucifixion is an iconographic topos under which the pictorial representation of the crucifixion of Christ with Jesus' mother Mary and one of his disciples, John is usually understood. The representations were also among other things, the two crucified to the right and to the left of Christ thief to the kneeling at the foot of the cross, holy Mary Magdalene and to the Roman centurion extended.
To the subject
The presentation refers to John 19:25-27
" Near the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! Then he said to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour the disciple took her to himself. "
This is one of the seven last words of Jesus on the cross. So the crucifixion group plays a central role of visual worship Christ, for in it reflects the Care of Jesus that gives the Forsaken and the grieving families comfort, and as such was often depicted since late antiquity.
In the iconography of the Passion of Christ, the Passion, there is the representation of the Crucifixion between the scene of Jesus and the repentant thief ( "Today you will be with me in Paradise. " ) And the impregnation with vinegar ( " I thirst !") to which the words " It is finished! " the passing of Jesus follows. In less extensive cycles, it is located between the distribution of clothes by the captors or the crucifixion itself ( Nailing of Christ, Cross -up ) and scenes like Mater Dolorosa, Deposition or Lamentation of Christ.
Historical development
Crucifixion groups are often paintings and sculptural works, or they form a sculpture. They are found in churches and other religious buildings, shrines or on corridor crosses and on hilltops and mountain peaks ( Calvary ). They are central targets for devout hiker or even pilgrims dar.
The early representations to the Romanesque show Christ nor as a royal figure, the Crucified in the group of his evolving to Gothic. Depending on the period of the Passion includes the presentation, occur also characters in the whole ordeal added on the cross, so the two crucified next to Jesus ( the bad Gestas / Kosmas and good Dismas ), the soldier who soaks the sponge with vinegar ( apocryphal Stephaton called ); the dicing soldiers, as well as, of Jesus with a spear opened (the latter later called Longinus, and seen in the context of worship of the Holy Blood and the Holy Lance also known as Saint) the page.
The representations solve increasingly from Biblical text and take legendary traditions, for example, from the Legenda Aurea, or on private revelations, such as the Relationes via de et passione Jesus Christ et Mariae matris eius gloriosae virginis St. Birgitta (2nd half of 14th century ). This includes the bones of Adam under the cross, which accede to the earthquake from the earth, to be angels, the Palm Sunday donkey, other saints and benefactors and people join.
From the Baroque one returns back to increasingly reduced representation by the emotional sensitivities of the central figures in the focus of attention. So are increasingly Mary and the disciples to find side of the cross and Mary Magdalene, formerly often ignored, at the feet of the Crucified; Mary of Cleophas is becoming increasingly rare. In the form of three- or four- figure group of three or crucified, and the combination of both the presentation today is predominant.
Examples
Sculptures, paintings:
- Crucifixion Alt- Oberbolheim
- Crucifixion ( Bad Wimpfen )
- Crucifixion group ( Pingsheim )
In station ways:
Examples of stained glass
- Crucifixion window ( Koisdorf )
- Crucifixion window ( Drove )