Carl Robert Jakobson
Carl Robert Jakobson ( born July 26 1841 in Tartu, † March 19, 1882 in Kurgja, now the town Vändra, Lääne / Estonia) was an Estonian journalist, writer and educator. As a pseudonym he used the name Linnutaja.
Early years
Carl Robert Jakobson was born the son of Adam Jakobson, the teacher at the parish school of Torma was. His younger brother is the Xylograph and book illustrator Eduard Magnus Jakobson ( 1847-1903 ).
The first lesson was Carl Robert Jakobson privately by his father and at the School of Torma. From 1856 to 1859 he attended the prestigious seminar Jānis Cimze in Valga.
Educator and a patriot
From 1859 Jakobson worked as his father's successor in the school of Torma. In 1862 he got into disputes with the local priest and the landlords. He then left Torma. Jakobson found employment as a teacher in Jamburg. Beginning in 1864, he was home and school teacher in Saint Petersburg. A year later he received the high-school teaching qualification in German and literature.
In St. Petersburg, Jakobson Estonian nationalist circles joined. More and more he devoted himself to journalism. 1865 started his collaboration with the Postimees and with liberal German Baltic and Russian leaves. 1868 his application was rejected for approval of an Estonian newspaper in St. Petersburg by the tsarist authorities. Jakobson took at that time active in the founding of the Estonian literary Association ( Eesti Kirjameeste Selts ) part, which promoted Estonian language and literature from 1871 to 1893 in Tartu. 1868 and 1870 held in association Jakobson Vanemuine total of three patriotic speeches, which appeared in 1870 as a book and had great influence on the national awakening in Estonia.
Agriculture
1871 Jakobson moved over to Tallinn. Again, the authorities refused him starting your own newspaper. From 1872 to 1874 he worked as a journalist in Vändra. In 1874 he bought the estate in the immediate vicinity Kurgja on which he built a model farm. He was soon elected president of the agricultural associations of Pärnu and Viljandi. In his work, he campaigned for the improvement of agriculture and a stronger legal position of the Estonian peasantry.
Publicist
From 1878, Jakobson worked at the magazine Sakala in Viljandi. In the sheet, then suppression of the rural population was greatly portrayed and attacked the aristocracy. Jakobson also called for a greater emancipation of the school from the church. Especially his aiming at a strong Estonian autonomy statements were hotly debated in Estonia. They made him one of the most prominent figures of the era of national awakening of Estonians.
Jakobson in 1881 was elected to succeed Jacob Hurt as President of the Estonian literary association. He has published in Estonian numerous recipes for Estonian farmers that should help increase the level of public education and increasing yield. In addition, he published numerous textbooks for elementary schools that were educationally particularly innovative. Famous are Jakobson editions of Chorus booklets with patriotic songs as well as Estonian nationalist poems. His play Artur yes Anna (1872 ), which denounced the inequalities in the population of Estonia and Livonia, quickly became famous.
Appreciation
Carl Robert Jakobson was one of the most important and most radical representatives of national awakening of Estonians. With its radical demands he wanted to achieve equality for the Estonians. His opponents were the German Baltic nobles and their traditional privileges. Carl Robert Jakobson was one of the pioneers of an independent Estonian state.
Today, he is depicted on the 500 kroner bill. 1848, a museum dedicated to him was set up in his farm in Kurgja. Monuments in Torma (1957) and Viljandi (1993 ) remember him.
Main works
- Koolie Lugemise raamatu (1867-1876)
- Uus Aabitsaraamat (1867 )
- Veikene Geograafia (1868 )
- Teadus yes seadus põllul (1869 )
- Wanemuine Kandle healed ( Songs for Choir, 1869-1871 )
- C. R. Linnutaja Laulud ( song book, 1870)
- Rõõmus laulja (1872 )
- Artur yes Anna ( play, 1872)
- Kuidas põllumees rikkaks saab (1874 )
- Kuidas karjad yes designating saagid meie põllumeeste rikkuse allikaks saavad (1876 )
- Sakala Calendar põllumeestele (1880 )
- Helmed ( reading book, 1880)