Carpesium

Nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum )

The plant genus collar flower ( Carpesium ) belongs to the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The approximately 20 species are widespread in Eurasia, 16 of which occur in China.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The collar flower species rarely grow as annuals, mostly herbaceous perennial plants than. Usually the stems are branched. The wechselstängig arranged on the stems of leaves may be stalked. If petioles are present, they are often winged. The simple leaf blades have a smooth or toothed margin.

Inflorescences and flowers

Most hanging, basket- shaped part inflorescences are sitting or sometimes individually on short Blütenstandsschäften to few or many are terminally or laterally ährig traubigen total inflorescences on stalks. The disk-shaped bloom conditions are so-called Pseudoanthien; seen blossoms ecologically there are flowers and contain many individual flowers. The hemispherical or abgeflachtkugelige involucre consists of ( called Phyllarien ) in three or four rows standing bracts. The outer bracts are herbaceous or herbaceous own tips and the inside is dry, broad with blunt upper end. The flat inflorescence base ( receptaculum ) is smooth and there are no chaff leaves present.

In the flower baskets are often located tongue and tubular flowers. In Carpesium cernuum no ray florets are present. At the edge of the flower basket are located in two or more rows of ray florets, also called ray florets; they are female and fertile with Kronröhren that end in three to five Kronzähnen. In the center of the flower basket are many tubular flowers, also called disc florets; they are hermaphroditic and fertile and her slender, yellowish Kronröhren end in four or five Kronzähnen. The style branches of disc florets are very flat and dull and have pointed Fegehaare.

Fruits

The bare, ellipsoidal achenes are ribbed and longer than the corolla. The achenes have above a short, glandular beak, which is topped by a cartilaginous ring with elongated crystals. There is no pappus present.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 10, 18

Systematics and distribution

The distribution areas of about 20 Carpesium species are in Eurasia. In China are 16, 6 of them only there. Five species occur in Taiwan. The Nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum ) has a wide distribution of southern Europe via the Mediterranean to the Middle East over wide areas of the Asian continent to South East Asia and is also found in Australia.

The genus Carpesium was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 859. Type species is L. Carpesium abrotanoides.

The genus belongs to the tribe Carpesium Inuleae in the subfamily herbaceous within the family Asteraceae.

There are about 20 species Carpesium:

  • Carpesium abrotanoides L.: It is widely used in Europe, Middle East, Caucasus, Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Myanmar, China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan.
  • Nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum L., Syn: Carpesium spathiforme Hosok. ): It is widespread in the Old World from southern Europe via the Mediterranean to the Middle East over wide areas of the Asian continent to South East Asia and is also found in Australia.
  • Carpesium cordatum FHChen & CMHu: It occurs in India, Nepal and the Chinese provinces of Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Carpesium Siebold & Zucc divaricatum. It occurs in China, Korea and Japan.
  • Carpesium faberi C.Winkl. ( Syn: Carpesium hosokawae Kitamura, Carpesium kweichowense CCChang. ): It occurs in Japan, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan.
  • Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. ( Syn: Carpesium hieracioides H.Lév. ): It occurs in Korea and Japan.
  • Carpesium humile C.Winkl. Thrives on grassy slopes, banks of rivers and forest edges at altitudes 2000-3700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan.
  • Carpesium lipskyi C.Winkl. Thrives on forest edges and in thickets at altitudes 2000-3700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shanxi and Yunnan.
  • Carpesium longifolium FHChen & CMHu ( Syn: Carpesium leptophyllum FHChen & CMHu ): It thrives in moist forests and rivers as well as on grasslands at altitudes 600-2300 m in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. & Sav. It occurs in Russia, China, Korea and Japan.
  • Carpesium minus Hemsl. Thrives on grassy slopes along streams at altitudes between 700 and 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. It has been sometimes confused with Carpesium faberi.
  • Carpesium nepalense Less. ( Syn: Carpesium verbascifolium H.Lév. ): It occurs in India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, China and Taiwan.
  • Carpesium rosulatum Miq. It occurs in Korea and Japan.
  • Carpesium scapiforme FHChen & CMHu: It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal and China.
  • Carpesium szechuanense FHChen & CMHu: It grows on grassy slopes and forest edges at altitudes 1400-2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Carpesium trachelifolium Less: . It occurs in India, Kashmir, Bhutan, Nepal, China and Taiwan.
  • Carpesium triste Maxim. It occurs in Russia, China, Korea and Japan.
  • Carpesium velutinum C.Winkl. ( Syn: Carpesium zhouquensis JQFu ): It grows in forests and mountain slopes at altitudes 2000-3200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan.

Swell

  • Chen Yousheng & Arne Anderberg: Tribe Inuleae, pp. 820-845: Carpesium, pp. 821-825 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng - Yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China Volume 20-21 -. Asteraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 12, 2011 ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
  • Ching -I Peng & Kuo -Fang Chung, Hui -Lin Li: Digital Flora of China. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
Asteroideae Pappus (flower structure)
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