Caudillo

Caudillo is a Spanish name and function can be like with " military commander ", " head " (or Francoism in a deliberate echo of the German and Italian fascism with "leader" ) translate.

Today Caudillo called an authoritarian male politician who is pursuing a non-institutional line via a social group, to change a political, economic or social situation that affects this community harmful. The rule of a caudillo is called Caudillismo or Caudillismus.

History

In medieval texts the term caudillo was used as an honorary title for a military commander who had (see Reconquista ) emerged victorious done within the framework of the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Then came the term disuse. Between 1820 and 1870 the name caudillo in Latin America was used as a name for a military leader who seizes power if the civilians can not maintain authority in the country.

According to some sources, the word caudillo to be negative connotations and as Caudillaje denote the arbitrary rule of an officer or a landowner. Against a negative connotation, the fact that the term even Himno de Riego in place, a song that celebrates the Spanish Rafael del Riego revolutionary and as a revolutionary fight song the national anthem of Spain during the Second Republic was based. However, the fourth verse of the song in question was ( with the words " Honor al Caudillo ", " Glory to the Caudillo ," lifting ) is not part of the official anthem.

The expression Caudillo became famous by the fact that the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco gave this title, obviously inspired by the names of "leaders" and " Il Duce " other European dictators. With the death of Franco and the end of the Franco regime, the word fell into disuse.

In recent years, the description in the press comes through their polemical application to South African politicians like Hugo Chávez again increasingly used.

Preconditions

The properties that characterize a caudillo, are a strong personality, ambition for power, charisma, courage, and the capacity for political / military leadership, but often cruelty, ruthlessness and brutality in general.

The following factors contribute to the rise of caudillos:

  • Poor economic situation (few revenue, debt )
  • Inefficient bureaucracy
  • General economic and cultural underdevelopment (eg illiteracy)
  • Lack of communication facilities
  • Tradition of machismo and violence

Examples of caudillos

Argentina

Chile

  • Bernardo O'Higgins (1778-1842), Director Supremo

Mexico

  • Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794-1876), President

Spain

  • Francisco Franco (1892-1975), Spanish dictator and Generalissimo

Venezuela

  • José Antonio Páez (1790-1873), President
  • José Tadeo Monagas (1784-1868), President
  • Cipriano Castro (1859-1924), President
  • Ezequiel Zamora (1817-1860), Civil War general and peasant leaders
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