Cela, Alcobaça
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Template: Infobox city in Portugal / maintenance / management location is empty Template: Infobox city in Portugal / Maintenance / Web page is blank Cela is a Portuguese city in the district of Alcobaça in Leiria District, located in the former province of Estremadura. It is bordered to the west of the county Nazaré. It has 3267 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011 ) and is 25.8 km ². She has attained in 2001, the modern city law ( as Vila ) again. It belonged under the name Cela Nova to the 13 Ancient Cities of Couto de Alcobaça, the former territory of the abbey of Alcobaça. The historical city was formed along with the neighboring village of Bárrio and included with it an area of 41.1 km ². Cela means cell or hermitage, so that the town's name on there originally present -been hermitages suggesting. In medieval Latin text of the charter of 1276 the location is specified with Cella Noua, which also suggests the importance of cell. According to ancient tales, a small monastic cell is located in Cela Nova have found where an emissary of the Abbey have collected the levies payable to the local inhabitants.
History
Cela consists Located on a 100 meter high ridge Cela Nova ( New Cela ) and on the western side at the foot of this there steeply sloping ridge lying Cela Velha ( Old - Cela ). There is almost at sea level, a flat land area, which is in turn defined by a in the west the coastline forming another ridge from the Atlantic Ocean. This was until the 17th century the lagoon Pederneira, which was also Cela Velha was. The already in 1286 issuing from the Abbey of Alcobaça charter leads to the settlements under the name Cela Nova, so the distinction between Cela Nova Velha and have to go back to the early days of the founding of the Abbey. Cela Nova was awarded in 1514 for the general reform of the Couto by King Manuel I, a new city charter and self-government rights, and lower courts, however, remained the Abbey tribute. Also Cela Nova defeated continue to the jurisdiction of the abbey, by a Cela Nova lined up in front of the parish church pillory ( Pelourinho ) was symbolized. The parish church of Cela Nova Igreja de Santo André, was re- built at the behest of King Manuel occasion of the issuing of the new town status since the old church was already expired from the 13th century. The church was thoroughly restored in 1909. Next to the church is the town hall, now a building of the 19th century, probably built on the site of the old town hall of the historic city. The city had paid a further 1585 built chapel, the Holy Spirit, a hospital and a hostel was connected ( Casa da Misericordia ). Activities of these institutions are still detectable by the end of the 18th century.
Quinta da Cela Velha
The importance of Cela Velha, such as an early predecessor of Cela Nova, located in the dark. On the dipped Cela Velha slope terrain is the Quinta da Cela Velha one of the oldest verifiable initial goods of the monastery ( granjas ) over which a lease statute from 1431 is present and has been run by a family Andrade and Gamboa since 1571. The Quinta de Humberto Delgado (see below ) is a part of this old estate. In the old buildings of this courtyard there is a chapel of St Bernard ( Capella do São Bento ). This chapel was renovated in the first half of the 18th century, according to reports of the chroniclers of the abbey of Alcobaça it should either be a chapel dating from the 8th or 7th century. Thus, they might be in addition to the just a few kilometers away therefrom Church of São Gião in the neighboring municipality Famalicão also an early Christian monument and one of the oldest Christian churches in the country. Archaeological investigations have not been carried out.
Monument Humberto Delgado, the Fearless General
In Cela Velha also the monument is in honor of General Humberto Delgado, who lived in Cela Velha in his now named after him farm ( Quinta de Humberto Delgado ). He joined in 1958 at the time of Salazar's dictatorship in the election for president against the candidate supported by Salazar as a candidate of the opposition to ( Salazar had his first since taking office only prime minister exercised ). During the election campaign he announced to, in case of his victory Salazar to dismiss as prime minister. He lost the election, as expected, was dismissed as General and then went into exile. There he became a leading figure of the opposition to Salazar. In February 1965, he was together with his secretary probably murdered in Spain near the Portuguese border on behalf of the PIDE, the Portuguese secret police. In the history of Portugal he went as a general without fear (O general sem medo ), a name which recurs also built in the two-part dedicated to him in 1976 monument. 2005 lowered the route at a Cela Velha intersecting highway construction and tunneled to a length of about 200 meters, not affecting just about the visual axis of the two memorial pieces. After the Carnation Revolution of 1974, the mortal remains of General were reburied in the Nationalpantheon in Lisbon.
Presence
With the state dissolution of the monasteries in 1834 also ended the rule of the abbey about Cela. The city Cela Nova initially remained independent county, and then went on in the district of Alcobaça. Today the inhabitants of Cela live mainly on agriculture, especially the fruit cultivation. In the district of Cela Nova is a national health center for the sub- region.