Chaerophyllum bulbosum
Bulbous chervil ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum )
The bulbous chervil ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum L.), also known as chervil, bulbous chervil, turnip chervil, Bulbous chervil, turnip - chervil or Erdkastanie, is scattered in Central Europe occurring Umbelliferae. The chervil is a little known Vegetable.
- 6.1 Kitchen
- 6.2 ingredients
- 6.3 Storage
- 7.1 Notes and references
- 7.2 Literature
Description
The stem node, a hypocotyl tuber, the biennial herbaceous plant is thickened craw like what the plant gave the trivial name Knolliger chervil. The hypocotyl tuber is used as a vegetable. It is tapered to round, is about 3 to 6 inches thick, 1.5 to 10 cm long, 140 to 200 g in weight and has a gray surface. Many, however, remain small. The shape is reminiscent of small short carrots. It is used up to flowering, is not persistent, and then dies.
The stem is 1 to 2 m high, hollow, terete and smooth. He is hairy at the base to shaggy and bristly red marks, upper side glabrous, usually bluish pruinose, thickened reddish crowded and among the nodes. The leaves are two to four times pinnatisect, stalked down and hairy at the edge and on the nerves. The upper are sessile and with considerably narrower than the lower blade sections. The leaf sections are first -order triangular- ovate and pointed, narrow - lanceolate equipped the tip of the last order to linear, entire, and with fine, white Spitzchen.
The bulbous chervil blooms only in the second year from June to August. The composite cone has 15 to 20 bald, unequal length beams. The envelope is missing or wenigblättrig available. The Hüllchenblätter are 5 to 6, linear- lanceolate, weißhautrandig and partly unequal length. The petals are white, roundish obovate to transversely elliptical, cut to about half and contracted at the base. Bulbous Chervil is self-pollinating. The fruit is linear- oblong to narrow - conical, 4-6 mm long, yellow- ripe dark brown and streaked. The seeds of bulbous calves goiter are usually only a year germinate, sometimes two and germinate the following year. Your Thousand grain weight is 2-2.5 g The Local chervil is a frost to germinate, so they germinate until spring. You need at least 6 weeks of cold before they germinate and sprout until about 6 months after Versamung.
The chromosome number is 2n = 22
System
Chaerophyllum bulbosum in 1753, first published by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 1, p 258. Synonyms for Chaerophyllum are bulbosum Chaerophyllum caucasicum ( Hoffm. ) Schischk. , Chaerophyllum laevigatum Vis. , Chaerophyllum neglectum NWZinger, Chaerophyllum prescottii DC., Chaerophyllum rapaceum Alef. , Chaerophyllum verticillatum pers., Myrrhis bulbosa Spreng., Myrrhis bulbosum Spreng. and Scandix bulbosa Roth.
The species is divided into two subspecies: The Local chervil Chaerophyllum bulbosum subsp. bulbosum with weißfleischiger tuber and the Siberian chervil Chaerophyllum bulbosum subsp. prescottii ( DC.) Nyman (syn. Chaerophyllum prescottii DC. ) with gelbschaliger, gelbfleischiger and greater but less aromatic tuber. However, the Siberian subspecies need not be stratified ( cold influence before germination ) for the spring sowing. You can survive with the root up to 10 years in the ground and drives for example after a grass fire (Russia) or after plowing out in large numbers. The latter schosst at spring sowing immediately and may be sown until July.
Habitat requirements
Chaerophyllum bulbosum grows mainly along river banks and in herbaceous communities of Auenbereichs. It is often wild from gardens, where it was formerly cultivated as a vegetable, and is also found in moist, nitrophilous skirts and ruderal sites. The surface is water quickly, often rieselnass and nutrient - rich or base. The bulbous chervil applies bulbosi as characteristic species of its own association, the Chaerophylletum.
Dissemination
The bulbous chervil occurs in Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Russia, Western Siberia and occasionally in Scandinavia. The type is a Eurasian- continental Florenelement. Chaerophyllum bulbosum comes in Germany scattered before. It is particularly common in the current valleys, but missing, for example, in the Alps and the Alpine foothills. In Austria, the species occurs only in the Pannonian area frequently to scattered, otherwise it is rare. He is in the Alpine region in Austria and in the southeastern foothills of the Alps as endangered. In Switzerland, it can be located very rare wild or abducted. While significant cultivation now exist in France in the Loire Valley and to the north of the UK.
Use
There are few varieties, as they were except in Wädenswil hardly selected for breeding. In breeding were still active researchers in France, where in 1986 the varieties ' Véga ' and ' M4.10 ' emerged after the variety ' legacy ' through mass selection.
Origin and History
Native is the way in Central and South Eastern Europe. It was introduced in the Middle Ages by monks and has since grown. Already in 1580 it was found by Clusius at the market in Vienna. Hegi mentioned that Tabernaemontanus 1588 reported by the local cultivation. Only later it was introduced in 1846 in France. Prescott is about 1850 have brought from St. Petersburg from a botanical garden to Bern and widely used for the cultivation of the Siberian form (C. prescottii ). Around this time, the bulbous chervil was already spread throughout Europe. In 1862 he was after in potatoes very strong late blight had broken out again, viewed in France even as a possible replacement for the potato. In Germany, the plant is not native, but has come to be fixed. Beginning of the 20th century it was barely in cultivation. Bulbous chervil, however, had acquired at the same time in the Paris anbaulich some importance. However, the end of the 20th century, he got the search and re-evaluation of old and new types of vegetables again important. He was then processed for breeding because of their high starch content and good flavor.
Cultivation and harvesting
The cultivation is very similar to the parsnip or carrot. As a good location are lighter soil to facilitate the harvest, and sites that have not been freshly fertilized with manure. The culture time is 9 to 10 months. The culture can be created annual or biennial. Sowing is done directly without growing seedlings after seed harvest in September to November. The planting is not common because it makes the culture uneconomical. The seed germinates only in the spring and the germination results is irregular. The row pitch of 20 to 25 cm and the Saatabstand in the range 4-6 cm. The dense seed is separated on 10 cm spacing in the row. The seed germinates only in the spring, as the dormancy must be broken. This occurs only when at least 8 weeks lasting moisture and temperatures below 5 ° C. After stratification is best for germination, a temperature range of 5 to 10 ° C. At temperatures above 25 to 30 ° C leads to significant inhibition of germination. From spring until June, the culture is kept weed-free and watered as required. In June, the leaves begin to turn yellow, which is the sign of root maturity. The harvest begins in July then. These Vegetable, however, has not often used -commercial cultivation because of the low yield and poor germination of the seed, but has importance in the house garden. As a partner in the mixed culture are useful as intermediates planting in the spring onion and then salad. Both are harvested before the chervil.
Propagation
The plant is propagated by seeds. For this purpose, only the finest and largest beets are selected, replanted on 25 x 30 cm. The following spring they shot immediately with commencement of vegetation. Seed yield is high.
Diseases and Pests
When bulbous chervil similar diseases are possible, as they also occur in carrots, parsnips, celery and other umbelliferous plants. These are mainly carrot fly, storage decay and root lice. Otherwise, the plant is also a host for aphids on cabbage, eaten by field mice, powdery mildew (Erysiphe heracley ) or celery mosaic virus ( celery mosaic virus ). You can also host for Möhrenröte ( carrot motley dwarf, CMD ), also called Möhrenscheckung, and Parsley Yellow spot virus ( PYFV ) be both transmitted from the Girschblattlaus ( Cavariella aegopodii ).
Use
Kitchen
Bulbous Chervil is rather a rare gourmet vegetables. Only a few months after withdrawal of the leaves end of autumn, the root of the bulbous calves goiter properly developed flavor. So the taste of the root from December to March is best. The taste of the bulbous calves goiter comes the closest of chestnuts. Roots that were frozen by frost, have a flavor that is reminiscent of hazelnut. The roots are sweet. The tuber is used similar to the preparation of the Teltow turnips. However, only the big ones. They are similar to stewed potatoes and served as a side dish. The small covered roots can be better prepared for soup or stew. The tuber flesh after cooking can be easily separated and push out of the periodontal ligament. Even the leaves of the young plant and shelled plant parts were formerly used in the kitchen. These were prepared as herbal soup or eaten as a spinach substitute or added to salad as a condiment.
Ingredients
The tuber is starchy and proteinaceous, but relatively low-fat foods. The Local chervil contains dried up to 57% starch and 5 % sugar. The Siberian chervil contains about 17 % much less strength. If the tuber stored immediately after harvest or 4 months at 4 ° C, much of the starch into sugar is converted.
Storage
The sheets are kept roots like parsnips, parsley root or carrots in damp, not wet sand. Or in plastic bags at 4 ° C.