Chichigalpa

Chichigalpa on the map of Nicaragua

Chichigalpa is a town and municipality in the west of the department of Chinandega of the Central American country Nicaragua. It is located south of the ( with 1745 m above sea level, the highest in Nicaragua) belongs Cordillera Los Maribios to which the Volcán San Cristóbal. Chichigalpa is an urban sprawl to the city of Chinandega, has 15 km of paved roads and on the Panamericana CA1 the Municipio Managua is connected. To the north it borders the Cordillera Los Maribios, to the south by the Departemento León, to the east by Posoltega, on the west by the Municipalities Realejo and Chinandega.

Climate

The climate in Chichigalpa is hot, typical of western Nicaragua. The dry season lasts from November to April and the wet season from May to October.

The highest temperatures are usually measured in April. The average temperature is 20 ° C. The relative humidity averages 68%. Strong winds prevail from the directions of North and South.

History

The initial population is ascribed to the Toltecs to the Niquiranos and Chorotegas.

Colonial

For the period 1642-1700 is documented that from Chichigalpa of 200 indigenous, 16 Reales were discharged annually as Tributo to the Spanish king. William Dampier described in 1685 a sugar factory in Chichigalpa. About the Volcan de San Christobal, he reported that he smoked during the day and lit up at night, so that he looked through the light emitted from the crater light like a lighthouse and the Bucaneros allowed at night in the bay of El Realejo to land around the city Leon to attack (Nicaragua ), which he then did in 1697. In June 1751 Chichigalpa was visited by Bishop Pedro Agustín Morel de Santa Cruz, it was documented that Chichigalpa in slightly hilly terrain befände with good water and the climate would be temperate. This year Chichigalpa had 40 houses of indigenous people, of which over the Corregidor del Realejo the Tributo has been driven, and there were 62 families and 292 residents. The Tributo was generated in factories and work for the neighbors. 1776, the population had risen to 990 inhabitants, of whom 232 were tributary indigenous. 1776 were the administrative districts of Nicaragua according to the reform of Carlos III. redistributed.

The area of present-day Nicaragua was divided into five counties: Leon, Matagalpa, El Realejo, Sutiaba and Nicoya. Chichigalpa now belonged to the municipality of Posoltega which belonged to Sutiaba. The indigo plant were grown and kept cattle in the colonial period on the premises of the Ingenio San Antonio.

Independence

1813 came eight Barefoot Franciscan monks under the leadership of José Ramón Rojas Maria de Jesus, (* 1775 in Quetzaltenango ( Departamento ); † July 23, 1839 Ica ), which at the edge of the village with indigenous Caribes ( African slaves ), a Reducción de indios built with the Church of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe. After independence in 1821 developed in some local craft shops. 1840 Chichigalpa to Pueblo (village) and on February 5, 1858 to the villa ( town ) was upgraded.

1851 candy and honey were produced. 1877 was at the Perfecto of Chichigalpa, Tijerino, his town had 3,000 inhabitants, of whom 240 were citizens. For citizens, property ownership was a prerequisite of at least 100 pesos. Tijerino reported that one of the most important assets is the logging for export.

The Reducción de Indios was destroyed including the Guadelupekirche (El Pueblito ) by an earthquake on October 11, 1885 at 22:00 clock.

Ingenio San Antonio

The Ingenio San Antonio was acquired in 1890 by the British citizen for Briggs, co-owner was the great-grandfather of Carlos Pellas Chamorro, Alfredo Pellas. At that time the Trapiche ( Zuckerrohrquetsche ) of oxen was operated. On September 25, 1894 Chichigalpa was the first Municipion in Nicaragua José Santos Zelaya enhanced by the Ciudad (City), the mayor at that time was Jesús Valle Ramírez. With an upgrade to the city 's education was the task of the municipal government. In Chichigalpa then plants were grown for export. The first concession for the operation of a Maisentkörnungsanlage received on 10 June 1904 citizens named Kautz. 1916 modernized the grandfather of Carlos Pellas Chamorro, Silvio F. Pellas the sugar factory and bought a new brand of Trapiche FULTON. 1925 opened up 27.67 kilometers siding operation of Nicaragua The Estates Limited Company. By taking the Leon- Chinandega to Granada is 15 km and from there to the port of Corinto another 7 km. 1935 after the end of Prohibition in the United States, Nicaragua Estates Limited Companie was converted into a Sociedad Anonyma.

Later cotton was grown with the use of pyrethroids. In the context of the embargo the United States against Cuba and the Cuban sugar cane and rum boycott the Ingenio San Antonio was developed from 1959 to the most productive Rohzuckerproduzenten Central America. In 1988 the family Pellas was expropriated for four years. Today the power of Chichigalpa is generated in the sugar factory. 2001 began the eucalyptus production as biomass for power generation.

Flor de Caña

Chichigalpa is known for its rum and sugar production. The Ingenio San Antonio was in the 1960 Rohzuckerproduzent the biggest in Central America and La Compañia Licorera Flor de Caña rum burns off the sugar burns. Both were for Energy Sugar Rum ( SER ) merged and decide now on the market situation, whether they burn for industrial ethanol or for the Flor de Caña throats. 2006 85.000 quintals of sugar were burned for export to ethanol.

Stones made ​​of sugar, flows from Guaro

The advertisement promises, the stones were made of sugar and rivers of Guaro ( Rum ) - is claimed by Chontales, the rivers were made of milk and the stones from Quark. Since 1966, in Nicaragua the Bagazonis was recognized as an occupational disease of workers in the sugar cane industry. As demonstrated by the statistics of the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Health not a case of Bagazonis has been recognized as an occupational disease in the period 1966-2005 (39 years). In reality, the entire population increased chemical pollution from fertilizers and agricultural poisons, to which also belonged DDT was exposed, which is detectable in drinking water today. Death had a choice: either the workers in the sugar industry were drinking enough fluids and they died of poisoning or drinking insufficient and their kidneys shrank.

The Sugar Energy rum belongs to Grupo Pellas. In the fields, the sugar refinery Ingenio San Antonio thoughtlessly and solid pesticides were used. This use affects the health of employees, the groundwater and the environment. The Asociación de afectados por Nicaragüense insuficiência Renal Crónica ( ANAIRC ) points out that in the Sugar Factory Ingenio San Antonio employees from chronic kidney failure diseased of which in the 24 months prior to April 8, 2007, 2,427 people died. Until 10 October 2008, 2,986 had died. They argue for years to be paid compensation for occupational disease according to the law 456 Ley de Adicción de Riesgos y Enfermedades Profesionales From 6 June 2004. Which by the Instituto de Seguridad Social Nicaragüense ( INSS ) at more than 4,500 people and Pensions.

Barrios

• Candelaria
• Camino de Jesús
• Carlos Fonseca I, II
• Concepción
• El Pueblito
• Erick Ramirez
• Juan Jose Briceño
• La Parroquia
• La Cruz
• Los Lirios
• Mercedes
• Marvin Salazar I, II, III
• Modesto Ramón Palma
• Nueva Candelaria
• Nuevo Amanecer
• Quetzalia
• Ronald Altamirano II
• Rpto. 13 de Julio
• Santiago
• San Antonio
• Wells

Los Lirios

The Barrio Los Lirios was damaged by Hurricane Mitch, the inhabitants flee to the school Escuela Francisca González. There were of NGOs in Badalona disaster relief and contributions to a residence.