Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann
Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann ( born June 17, 1805 in Friedrichroda, † October 1, 1864 in Hamburg ) was a German musical instrument maker and pioneer of the harmonica [ Notitz 1].
Harmonica
" Ineradicable seems the legend, the Thuringian Friedrich Buschmann invented mouth and accordion. One review considers this thesis was not. Because [ ... ] Bushman speaks in a letter of 1828 by his newly made invention. Years earlier in commercial production in Vienna had begun. [ ... ] " Harmonicas [ ... ] " in 1825 were sold in Vienna Proven. "
A relatively large amount is received about the family history of the Bushman's because a descendant (Prof. Heinrich Buschmann, Esslingen ) has written a script about it (1938 M. Hohner AG). The documents and sources are very impressive, but the evidence for the invention of the harmonica he remains guilty.
Biography
Bush 's father Johann David was first Posamentierer, he later dealt with the repair of musical instruments, as he himself was a musician. He stayed some time in Friedrichroda in Thuringia. He developed by the year 1816, the Terpodion, a friction keyboard instrument with wooden rods, based on the principle of the glass harmonica. It was first called Uranium.
Even if no evidence is found, that Friedrich Buschmann is the inventor of the harmonica, this should not detract from the excellent performance of the young instrument maker. Friedrich must have been involved very early with his father Johann David, because otherwise it would be hardly conceivable that he built at a very young age, almost independently on the move, accompanied by his father, a Terpodion and one or more Aeolinen. After 1831, he built his own in Hamburg workshop. Almost all the 25 pieces that were ever built, are from the hand of Frederick. His brother Edward worked mainly in wood marquetry and was thus mainly responsible for the exterior finish of the instruments, but they werkten at least not in 1828 and 1829 at the same location. Edward was at this time in Berlin and made instruments, or components for Terpodeons, which could not be made by father and son David Friedrich on their trips or even draws from carpenters at the residence. From the correspondence in these two years shows that Friedrich probably anfertigte several small Aeolinen with a range of two octaves.
Travels
They certainly came through the travel activity with all sorts of new developments in sound generation in contact, which ultimately led to that Frederick himself assumed the further development of Physharmonica. He turned ultimately completely the Saugwindprinzip to which he remained faithful until his death.
Aeoline
Perhaps the first attempts were made with Bushman Aeolinen in 1824. Oral tradition Buschmann is before Aeoline have a tuning guide built, which he called " aura ", the device is said to be 4 inches tall and have had 15 reeds. Also interesting is the fact that Aura is also used as name for Jew's harps use that have been referred to as the harmonica when multiple Jew's harps were combined into a larger instrument.
In 1828 Friedrich Buschmann developed an instrument, he brought different breakdown tongues of metal on a piece of wood, so that you could blow these tongues with the mouth. He made experiments with resounding reeds. In a small box with the dimensions " 4 inches in diameter and also so high " (Letter cut from December 28, 1828 ) - ie a cube of about 10 cm on a side. In it he fastened 21 sounds he blew over as many Tonlochkanzellen ( cavities ) in order to vibrate. He called The newly created instrument Aeoline, which, as he imagined, good as a replacement for one voice or to play along with up to six simultaneously sounding notes for harmony is suitable. A Tuning Aid with reeds will probably not even mentioned in the known letters while traveling, but is more likely that such a tuning guide has been carried. From a tongue instrument without keys is also only in conjunction with the "invention" of the question.
From the correspondence further indicates that in 1829, a Aeoline, which was about the size of a very small desk, while the musical journey was built in 1829. On the music travels have taken originally with no Aeoline. The Bushman were aware of the Aeoline that made Bernhard Eschenbach and his cousin Johann Caspar Schlimbach. Eschenbach shared his experiences with anyone who visited him, and as reported in the sequence other than his invention patent in amended form on. Even Bush 's father Johann Buschmann considered in a letter of October 30, 1829 to file the Aeoline with improved bellows as a patent in Bavaria. A very detailed report on the Klaveoline built by Bernhard Eschenbach himself appear early on 28 October 1815.
Own workshop
As is evident from the correspondence, Frederick and his father held at least the 8 to 15 October 1829 in Rinteln at the inn " Deutsches Haus ", where he probably met his future wife Sophie Volkmar. Gustav Hermann Joseph Philipp Volkmar was in 1833 a high school teacher in Rinteln. Sophie's family lived in Rinteln, where Father Adam Valentin Volkmar music teacher had become at the newly built high school since 1817; at the same time he knew the position of organist at the Nicolai Church. In the letter of September 10, 1829 we read: " Mr. Volkmar who made the journey with her here hasten, because otherwise surprised us the night Many compliments H. Volkmar. . "
1833 married Friedrich Buschmann Sophie Volkmar and moved to Hamburg, where he opened a workshop. Finally, he called his instruments Physharmonica. He built almost exclusively Saugluftinstrumente. Each of the instruments had their own large keyboard (Manual). In a later letter of June 21, 1838 his wife wrote to your brother Gustav: " ... business is good ... recently four Physharmonikas sold Friedrich also buys cars fortepiano he refurbishes and sells again Well after setting.. a skilled craftsman also be built fortepiano. " She also mentioned: " The vocal aids can be sold at good prices, recently was a sold to Paris and another is in the works and will be shipped to St. Petersburg Recently Friedrich was praised publicly for the vocal support. ". Friedrich was attended by well-known musicians in the Hamburg suburb of St. George.
Licensing
In addition to the license which was awarded in 1821 to Löschmann in London, acquired in 1835 and the piano and organ builder Johann Georg Gröber from Innsbruck a license for reproduction of Terpodions from father Johann David Bushman.
Large Gold Medal
For a Physharmonica with built Terpodion he received a large gold medal at the Arts and Crafts Exhibition in Hamburg in 1838.
Mention in Wiener Allgemeine Musik-Zeitung
" ( Friedrich Buschmann ) in Hamburg, whose father is known, invented the Terpodion, currently a Physharmonica has completed for a new peculiar construction, making these otherwise somewhat difficult to treat instrument for each Concert Music is applicable quite uncommon guaranteed to accompany the songs. "