Chrysosplenium

Alternate- leaved Golden Saxifrage ( Chrysosplenium alternifolium )

The Chrysosplenium ( Chrysosplenium ) constitute a genus within the family Saxifragaceae ( Saxifragaceae ) with about 57 to 65 species.

Description

It is small, perennial, herbaceous plants, which usually reach stature heights from 10 cm to 20 cm. They form foothills ( stolons ) or tubers as outlasting, from which depart upright side shoots.

The leaves can be either permanently against such another. You are always undivided and more or less stalked. Stipules absent.

Characteristic are the inflorescences: the flowers are usually of yellow surrounded by green, flat-out bracts. Rarely the flowers are individually. The calyx consists of four, rarely five sepals, which may be brown yellow, green or reddish. The flowers have no petals. Stamens there are four or eight, rarely ten. Bracts, sepals, stamens and carpels are more or less all on one level.

Occurrence

The approximately 57 to 65 species occur in Europe (2 species), Asia, America and Africa. Most Milzkraut - species are found in East Asia. In China grow about 35 species, of which 20 are just there. Ten species occur in Japan. Only two species are native to southern South America.

Chrysosplenium species thrive in temperate to arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. Some of the species, such as the two central European species grows in wet locations adjacent to streams or on rocks in mountain canyons. Many species also grow on drier sites in rock crevices or on gravel slopes.

Origin of the name

The scientific genus name Chrysosplenium derives from the Greek words χρῡσός = chrysos for gold, because of the strong yellow-colored bracts, and σπλήν = rinse for spleen, because of the milzähnlichen leaves, from. The name was first used by Tabernaemontanus ( 1591 ). As is apparent from the doctrine of signatures, the plant was used against diseases of the spleen in the Middle Ages. Hence the German common name comes Chrysosplenium.

System

The genus name Chrysosplenium was built in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 398 Carl Linnaeus: scanned Species Plantarum, 1, 1753, p 398 during biodiversitylibrary.org. first published. As lectotype 1905 Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. has been set.

The genus contains about 57 to 65 Chrysosplenium types (selection):

Chrysosplenium absconditicapsulum J.T.Pan
Chrysosplenium album Maxim.
Chrysosplenium alpinum ( Schur ) Schur, occurs only in the Carpathians (Romania, Ukraine)
Alternate- leaved Golden Saxifrage ( Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.), occurs in Europe, Asia, North America and Greenland before
Chrysosplenium americanum pig. ex Hook.
Chrysosplenium axillary Maxim.
Chrysosplenium biondianum Engl
Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook.f. & Thomson
Chrysosplenium cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot
Chrysosplenium chinense ( H.Hara ) J.T.Pan
Chrysosplenium davidianum Decne. ex Maxim, home: China.
Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.
Chrysosplenium dubium J.Gay ex Ser. , Is found in North Africa and Southwest Asia, in Europe only in southern Italy
Chrysosplenium flagelliferum F.Schmidt
Chrysosplenium forrestii Diels
Chrysosplenium fuscopuncticulosum Z.P.Jien
Chrysosplenium giraldianum Engl
Chrysosplenium glechomifolium Nutt.
Chrysosplenium glossophyllum H.Hara
Chrysosplenium griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson
Chrysosplenium lift tatum Ohwi
Chrysosplenium hydrocotylifolium H.Lév. & Vaniot
Chrysosplenium iowense Rydb.
Chrysosplenium japonicum ( Maxim. ) Makino
Chrysosplenium jienningense W.T.Wang
Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook.f. & Thomson
Chrysosplenium lectus - cochlear Kitag.
Chrysosplenium lixianense Z.P.Jien & J.T.Pan
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv.
Chrysosplenium microspermum Franch.
Chrysosplenium nepalense D.Don
Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge
Opposite- leaved Golden Saxifrage ( Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.), occurs only in Western Europe
Chrysosplenium oxygraphoides Hand. - Mazz.
Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.
Chrysosplenium qinlingense Z.P.Jien & J.T.Pan
Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim.
Chrysosplenium rosendahlii Packer
Chrysosplenium serreanum Hand. - Mazz.
Chrysosplenium sphaerospermum Maxim.
Chrysosplenium sikangense H.Hara
Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim.
Chrysosplenium taibaishanense J.T.Pan
Northern Milzkraut ( Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr. ) Th.Fries ), arrives in Europe only in northern Scandinavia, northern Russia and Spitzbergen before
Chrysosplenium uniflorum Maxim.
Chrysosplenium wrightii Franch. & Savigny
Chrysosplenium wuwenchenii Z.P.Jien

Pictures

Chrysosplenium alternifolium

Chrysosplenium macrostemon

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium

Swell

Pan Jintang & Hideaki Ohba: Chrysosplenium in the Flora of China, Volume 8, page 346: Online. (Section Description, systematics and occurrence)
Douglas E. Soltis, Miyuki Tago - Nakazawa, Qiu - Yun Xiang, Shoichi Kawano, Jin Murata, Michio Wakabayashi & Carola Hibsch - Jetter: Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in Chrysosplenium ( Saxifragaceae ) based on matK sequence data, In: American Journal of Botany, 88, 2001, pp. 883-893: Online. (Section Description, systematics and occurrence)

Gustav Hegi

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